الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current thesis presents the manipulation of liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of some pharmaceutical compounds as antidiabetics and antivirals. The developed methods depend on the extraction of the selected drugs using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction from biological and/or environmental samples before determination using HPLC methods. The thesis is composed of three parts: Part I: Introduction: Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid Extraction. This part presents the strategies developed over years for liquid-phase microextraction. The main modes of LPME, their principles, and applications are discussed focusing on the enablers and barriers for the development of new modalities. Part II: The Use of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Antidiabetic Agents. This part consists of two chapters: Chapter 1: Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Nateglinide in Human Plasma Using HPLC/UV This chapter demonstrates a validated method for preconcentration and determination of nateglinide in plasma that was developed using vortexassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Different variables that affect extraction efficiency were studied and optimized, including type and volume of extractant, type and volume of the disperser, pH of diluent, salt addition effect, centrifugation and vortex time. Nateglinide was extracted using 30µL of 1-octanol as an extractant and 200µL of methanol as a disperser. The enrichment factor reached 330 under the optimum conditions.