الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic effect of ethanol as well as the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of bees̓ honey and propolis in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Female Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats were used, rats were injected orally with ethanol (5 ml/kg b.wt), daily for 6 weeks and treated orally with honey (150 mg/kg b.wt) and propolis (200 mg/kg b.wt), daily for 6 weeks and compared with a group of rats injected orally with ethanol (5 ml /kg b.wt), daily for 6 weeks as a control group. Liver functions, blood reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in red blood cells were determined. Moreover, cytokines as TNF-α and IL-2 in red blood cells were also assayed in addition to liver histopathology. Liver enzymes, total billirubin, MDA and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-2 were increased after injection with ethanol, otherwise serum albumin, total protein, as well as blood glutathione level were reduced. Treatment with honey and propolis reduces the level of MDA, the activity of liver enzymes, the level of total billirubin and the level of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-2 otherwise increases the levels of serum albumin, total protein and the activity of the antioxidant parameters. Simultaneously, the histological deteriorative effects of ethanol intoxication were also improved after treatment with honey and propolis. In conclusions, honey and propolis enhanced innate antioxidant activity and ameliorate the ethanol-induced liver injury and therefore can be used as hepatoprotective agents in the future.