الفهرس 
Obesity – A definition.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern and an important risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids contain (ω-3 and ω-6), present in vegetable oils, is inversely related to the incidence of heart disease by decreasing cholesterol and triacylglycerol plasmatic levels. The alternative dietary source of long chain n-3 fatty acids might be their precursor, α- linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3). ALA is found in many foods including flaxseed oil, walnuts and leafy vegetables. Previous reports suggested that increased intake of ALA similarly to be intake of EPA and DHA, may have beneficial effects in health and in control of chronic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mixture from long and medium chain fatty acids on obese rats.
Fifty six adult male white albino rats, Sprague Dawley Strain, 10 weeks age, weighing (190±10g) were used in this experiment. All rats were fed on basal diet for 7 consecutive days. After this adaptation period, rats are divided into 8 groups, each group which consists of seven rats as follows:
The rats are divided into two main groups as follows:
• The first main group (control negative group): consisting of seven rats were fed on the basel diet.
• The second main group were divided into7 sub-groups contain 7 rats for each group. Obesity induced by fed on high fat diet (20% animal lipid) supplemented cause obesity and divided into :
• The first subgroup: fed on high fat diet (20% animal lipid) supplemented in the basal diet as a control positive group.
• The second subgroup: obese rats treated with flaxseed oil (FO).
• The third subgroup: obese rats treated with olive oil (OO).
• The fourth subgroup: obese rats treated with sesame oil (SO).
• The fifth subgroup: obese rats treated with OO/SO/ FO (20: 20:60).
• The sixth subgroup: obese rats treated with OO/SO/ FO (40: 20:40).
• The seventh subgroup: obese rats treated with OO/SO/ FO (60: 20:20).
At the end of experiment (10 weeks), all rats were be fasted over night before sacrificed and the blood samples collected, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm/15 min to obtain the plasma. Were estimated the serum lipid profile including (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum Malondialdehyde MDA, serum liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and serum kidney enzymes (urea, creatinine and uric acid).
Results could be summarized as follows:
• The results of the fatty acid indicated the flaxseed oil contains total SFA 9.7% was lower than olive oil and sesame oil. However, the total MUFA 21.05% and total PUFA 73.11% in flaxseed oil was higher than in olive oil and sesame oil.
• There were significant differences (p≤0.05) among all studied groups of experimental rats in body weight-loss; the results revealed the highest reduction in body weight gain was observed in the group fed on flaxseed oil followed by rats feeding on OO/SE /FO mixture groups, olive oil and sesame oil.
• The results showed that the flaxseed oil has significant decreased at (p≤ 0.05) in serum of TC and TG than other groups. On the other hand feeding rats on sesame oil showed the highest total cholesterol.
• The highest HDL-c of treated group recorded for group fed on flaxseed oil but, the lowest value recorded for group fed on sesame oil with significant difference (P≤0.05). While, the highest LDL-c of treated group recorded for group fed on sesame oil but, the lowest value recorded for group fed on flaxseed oil with significant difference (P≤0.05).
• The results showed that, rats feeding flaxseed oil tended to have the highest TCA for groups followed by rats feeding on OO/SE / FO mixture groups, olive oil and sesame oil while the lowest level of MDA observed in rats feeding flaxseed oil followed by rats feeding on OO/SE/ FO mixture groups, olive oil and sesame oil.
• The results indicated that the lowest ALT and AST liver enzymes recorded for group fed on flaxseed oil and the mixture groups from OO/SE/ FO with significant difference (P≤0.05).
• The results showed that the lowest urea, creatinine and uric acid kidney indicator recorded for group fed on flaxseed oil and the mixture groups from OO/SE/ FO with significant difference (P≤0.05).
This study has found that flaxseed oil could attenuate lipid and protein oxidation and preserve anti-oxidation capacity. Therefore, dietary interventions such as flaxseed oil, olive oil and sesame oil could present an opportunity for developing new strategies to treat obesity during weight loss programs