الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out in Agriculture Research Center Giza, Egypt aiming for: Study the effects of Date Palm Pollen (DPP) (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on blood glucose and lipids in induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley Wt. (180±10) were divided into six groups; each group (6 rats).
• group (1): Normal control (-) group fed on basal diet only.
Rats (30) were injected with Alloxan to induce Diabetes Mellitus:
• group (2): Diabetic control (+) group fed on basal diet only.
• group (3): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet+0.5 % date palm pollen.
• group (4): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet+1 % date palm pollen.
• group (5): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet + 100 ppm date palm pollen hydroethanolic extract, orally.
• group (6): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet + 200 ppm date palm pollen hydroethanolic extract, orally.
A - Each rat was weighed at the beginning, then every 10 days, Food Efficiency Ratio of the meal was calculated.
B - Blood samples were taken from the eye every 10 days from all groups for serum glucose.
C- After 30 days, fasting blood samples were withdrawn from the rats after anesthesia and slaughtering, then collected in sterile tubes containing anticoagulants, then plasma was separated and kept in sterile tubes in the freezer for biochemical analyzes.
D - Then separate the organs (liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, and heart) and wash them in a salt solution, then dry them on filter paper and weigh them separately to calculate the relative weight of each organ.
Results:
Chemical composition of date palm pollen (Protein, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Ash, Crude fiber, Iron, Calcium and Zinc) was (30.87, 19.80, 16.73, 5.06, 1.86 g/100g, 236.50, 510.82 and 224.45 mg/100g), respectively. Also, Total phenols, Flavonoids, Carotenoids and Tannins were 198.96, 20.29, 27.55 and1.32 mg/g, respectively.
Biological Evaluation revealed the mean of Feed Intake (FI) of normal control group (-) was (15.67g/day) compared with the feed intake of diabetic control group (+) was (12.82 g/day). While the FI of diabetic groups (3,4) supplemented with 0.5%, 1% palm pollen were 13.89 and 12.91 g/day. And the FI of diabetic groups (5,6) supplemented with100 ppm, 200 ppm ethanolic extract were 14.72 and 14.92 g/day.
The mean of Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) of normal control group (-) was (0.05) compared with the FER of diabetic control group (+) was (0.03). While the FER of groups supplemented with palm pollen 0.5%,1% and 100 ppm, 200 ppm were 0.04, 0.05, 0.04, 0.05, respectively.
Serum analysis Results:
- In serum glucose levels, good results were seen in groups supplemented with date palm pollen 0.5% and 1% and its extracts 100 ppm and 200 ppm. The highest decrease was in of the group supplemented with 1% palm pollen.
- All the supplemented groups have significant reduction in T.C. and T.G., compared with (control+) group. The best result of the group supplemented with date palm pollen 1%, was (66 mg/dL) for T.C. And (80 mg/dL) for T.G.
- Also, the results showed significant reduction in LDL-C, VLDL-C, and increased HDL-C levels in group supplemented with 1% date palm pollen (15.50, 16.75 and 34.25) as compared with control (+) group (26.25, 18.25 and 28.50), respectively.
- Liver functions (AST and ALT) were improved in all diabetic groups supplemented with palm pollen (0.5 %, 1%) and (100 ppm, 200 ppm) extracts.
- For Kidney functions, the better decrease of serum urea nitrogen and uric acid among all supplemented groups was (39.92 ±0.29) and (2.37 ± 0.29) observed in group supplemented with 1% date palm pollen. While in creatinine, supplemented diabetic rats with palm pollen or its ethanolic extracts resulted in significant decrease were compared with (control+) group.
According to the results of the present study it is recommended that: Date Palm Pollen make reduction in serum glucose and lipid profile levels, and increased HDL-C, also improve liver and kidney functions.
- The study recommended using Date Palm Pollen directly in the Diabetic diets.
- More researches are needed for using Date Palm Pollen in other diseases in rats and in human.
- Due to the fact that Date Palm Pollen contains a high percentage of calcium and iron, it could be used to supplement adolescents and children diet, for they need more calcium and iron. And also, women to compensate for monthly loss and osteoporosis.
- Date Palm Pollen contains a good percentage of zinc, which works to raise immunity, it is recommended to use it.
- Nutritional Education Programs must be carried out through media sources about the benefits of Date Palm Pollen and its antioxidants