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العنوان
Immunomodulatory assessment of Kalobin (Pelargonium reinforme/sidoides extract) on Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice /
المؤلف
Menaem, Heba Nasser Abdel Hafez Abdel.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / هبة ناصر عبد الحافظ عبد المنعم
مشرف / منال عبد العزيز مصطفي
مشرف / رانيا محمد سرحان
مشرف / عبير أحمد عبد الرحمن
تاريخ النشر
2020.
عدد الصفحات
ill. ;
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
علم الأحياء الدقيقة (الطبية)
تاريخ الإجازة
16/8/2020
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الطب - علم الطفيليات
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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from 126

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. At least 90% of those requiring treatment live in Africa.
PZQ is the only antischistosomal treatment currently available. But the emergence of resistant strains against PZQ, in addition to its low effectiveness against juvenile worms; make research for new drug development extremely necessary. Immunostimulant extracts with non-toxic medicinal properties have been explored for their possible immunomodulatory effect against schistosomiasis to be used as an adjuvant therapy with PZQ instead of searching for alternative treatment.
One of the best known immunostimulants that has shown hopeful impacts on the immune system are the preparations made from P. reinforme/sidoides which has had a considerable antiviral and anti-HIV-1 activity, antibacterial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Pelargonium spp. has been used for intestinal problems, wounds and respiratory illness. Also, it had antiparasitic effect against Prohemistomum vivax in mice.
To date no study has been done to illustrate the effect of P. reinforme/sidoides on Schistosoma mansoni. Consequently, the present study aimed to assess the immunostimulatory effect of Kalobin (P. reinforme/sidoides extract) on schistosomiasis mansoni in vivo regarding disease progression in a comparative experimental study to PZQ on different groups of IC and IS infected mice.
For serving the in vivo study, 64 Swiss albino mice were experimentally infected with S. mansoni cercariae (70 ± 10 cercariae) by body immersion technique. Mice were divided into two major categories, IC and IS and then were treated with individual PZQ or Kalobin or both combined together for five consecutive days compared to the positive and negative control groups. Mice were sacrificed 9 wks post infection. The parasitological parameters (TWB, tissue egg load, oogram pattern) and measurement of hepatic granuloma number and size in addition to immunohistochemical procedure to detect the expression of VEGF in both hepatocytes and sinusoids were used for the assessment.
In our study, the effect of Kalobin and PZQ combination (50 mg/kg each) was better than PZQ (50 mg/kg) as regards TWB (87.36% in IC group and 94.48% in IS group), oogram pattern with more reduction in egg count in intestine (88%) and liver (61%) in IS groups. As regards granuloma number, the effect of the combination 50 mg/kg each approached the PZQ (200 mg/kg) (50.5% versus 54.8% in IC groups and 56.6% versus 61.8% in IS groups). But as regards granuloma diameter, in IS groups, the combination effect overpassed the PZQ (200 mg/kg) (34.1% versus 31.8%). Also, the effect of the combination (50 mg/kg each) was superior to PZQ in its highest dose of 200 mg/kg in decreasing the percentages of S. mansoni viable eggs and increasing the percentages of degenerated eggs as assessed histopathologically.
On the other hand, using Kalobin individually showed an unexpected potential antischistosomal effect. It led to a reduction in TWB in IC group (51.57%) and IS group (61.48%) which was considered of moderate potency. Also, Kalobin caused a reduction in egg count in intestine (42.4% in IC group and 61.6% in IS group) and liver tissues (23.5% in IC group and 35% in IS group), decreased total immature ova stages, with an increase in dead ova in both IC and IS groups. Kalobin individually, led to uncoupling. Moreover, it caused a reduction in granuloma diameter (13.6%) and number (37%) in sections of liver in IC and (15.1%) and (34.8%) in IS groups with a better consequence on IS groups which adds to its potential. Female worms were more sensitive than males in most of our treated groups.
Supporting the immunostimulatory effect, the combination (50 mg/kg each) was better than PZQ at a dose of 200 mg/kg in reducing the percentage of VEGF expression in hepatocytes and sinusoids in IC groups (66.4% and 77.8% versus 39.9% and 47.4%) and again with better impact in IS groups (74.2% and 80.9% versus 35.4% and 62.7%). Kalobin individually, led to a reduction in the expression of VEGF in both hepatocytes and sinusoids at IC (50.3% and 58.8%) and IS (68.6% and 73.7%) groups, which was superior to PZQ (200 mg/kg) as shown. As regards granuloma diameter and VEGF expression, our study revealed a difference when using Kalobin between IC and IS groups with a better effect in IS groups.
Our study highlighted the immunopotentiating outcome for Kalobin (P. reinforme/sidoides extract) whether in combination to PZQ or individual on schistosomiasis mansoni in vivo.