الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent oral cancers. Despite rapid improvement in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted gene therapy used in conjunction with mainstay surgery, the OSCC prognosis remains low.
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective anti-cancer agents, but its use is limited due to the increased incidence of cardiomyopathy and drug resistance. For this reason, studies have focused on discovering alternative natural or adjuvants that are less harmful to cancer patients and have full benefits. Compounds called ’polyphenols’ constitute one of the most numerous and widely distributed classes among the vast array of phytochemicals, covering more than 10,000 different chemical structures.
One of the natural polyphenols, pyrogallol (PG), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in cancers of the lung, colon, and breast. PG has apoptogenic effects on neoplastic and transformed cells, but not in normal cells.
The current study was constructed to investigate the in vitro effect of PG, Dox, and PG/Dox combination on the human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line (Scc-25). The cytotoxic effect was evaluated using MTT assay, while the mode of cell death was assessed using image morphometric analysis, cell cycle analysis, and annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Additionally, estimation of caspase-3 by real-time PCR.
Evaluation of caspase-3 apoptotic marker with real-time PCR was used to confirm the findings of cell cycle analysis and annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The caspase-3 level was increased when SCC-25 cells were individually treated with different concentrations of PG, Dox, and their combination when compared to the control cell and increased with increasing concentration from pre IC50 to post IC50.
from the MTT assay, image morphometric analysis, flow cytometry analysis, and caspase-3 evaluation, we can conclude that PG, Dox, and their combination have a cytotoxic effect on SCC-25 cells. But, Dox has the most cytotoxic effect at a lower concentration.