الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bisphenol-A is considered one of the most building blocks of polycarbonate plastic which has been widely employed in our daily life. In this study, the toxic effect of BPA was demonastrated in female catfish C. gariepinus. As well as, the modulatory effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in preventing or alleviating the induced defects.
The results of this study are summarized as follows:
The half lethal concentration (LC50) of BPA was determined through exposure of fish to different five concentrations of BPA. The LC50 value of BPA/96 h. for female C. gariepinus fish was 1.43µg/l.
The clinical signs of C. gariepinus associated with BPA toxicity were manifested by trials to jump out of aquaria, moving towards the air source, restlessness swimming and staying motionless at a certain location generally at mid water level for prolonged periods, rapid opercular movements, Abnormal skin pigmentation in the form of fading were also observed. While, the postmortem examination revealed different degree of congestion, haemorrhage in all internal organs. Discoloration of liver with distention of the gall bladder was also recorded as prominent lesions.
The biochemical analysis revealed marked increases in levels of AST (liver function indicator), Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid (Kidney function indicators), potassium, chloride, Glucose ,Cortisol, cholesterol, and triglycerides during the whole period of exposure.
On the other hand, significant reductions in blood biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, sodium, Total proteins, Albumin and Globulin) were also detected. In addition to a marked declines in serum AChE, LDH. On the other hand, serum concentrations of FSH, 17ß-E2 was highly significant decreased. While, LH, and T concentrations were significantly increased. Co-administration of CSNPs with BPA during the whole period of the experiment at the two doses (0.33ml/L. and 0.66ml/L.) improved the values of the above tested parameters to be in normal values, particularly in fish co-administereted the high dose of CSNPs.
Oxidative stress parameters in liver and kidney tissues showed that:
The exposure of female C. gariepinus to BPA led to a significant rise in the hepatorenal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels with a marked reduction in glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) catalase enzyme (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of exposed fish when compared to the control group. Co-administration of CSNPs along with BPA exposure enhanced the antioxidant levels to be close to the control levels, Particularly in catfish fed on the high dose of CSNPs (0.66ml/L.).
DNA fragmentation in hepatorenal tissues showed that:
Co-administration of female catfish with CSNPs at the two doses (0.33ml/L. and 0.66ml/L.) along with BPA exposure enhanced the damaged DNA in hepatorenal tissues, particularly in fish co-administereted the high dose of CSNPs (0.66ml/L.).