الفهرس 
Phyto chemical constituents reported from family ArecaceaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The work described in this thesis has been under taken with the objective of searching for naturally occurring substances of potential biological activities in Egyptian flora. Through this study useful information was derived from the application of chromatographic techniques and spectral measurements.
The introduction part comprises a brief account about natural products and identification of Arecaceae family and its genera which reported to have important economic and medicinal uses.
The literature survey part includes detailed accounts of previously isolated compounds from and their structural types encountered in nature and some biological properties.
This study includes:
• Literature survey of phytoconstituents and bioactivities compounds from family Arecaceae.
• Phytochemical screening of both plants.
• HPLC profile coupled with mass of phenolic compounds for both plants
• Isolation, characterization and structure elucidation of the main constituents in the n-butanol extract of D.lutescens and D.decaryi leaves using (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2-D NMR).
• Evaluation of certain biological activities of two extracts of Dypsis including:
Hepatoprotective activity
The experimental part includes:
1- Phytochemical screening:
The preliminary phytochemical screening ofD.lutescens and D.decaryi leavesproved the presence of carbohydrates and/ or glycosides, flavonoids,sterols and/ or triterpenes and alkaloids. Saponins are detected D. decaryi and not detected from D. lutescens. Volatile oils and coumarins are not detected from both plants.
2. Investigation of phenolic constituents of D.lutescens leaves:
The dry leaves of D. lutescens (2.5 kg) were extracted with 70% ethanol followed by evaporation of the filtrate under reduced pressure, then defatted by petroleum ether and finally extracted with n-butanol, yielding a brown gum (200 g). 2D paper chromatography of the extract was performed and eluted with suitable solvent which revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, giving dark purple spots under UV light which turned orange or yellow when fumed with ammonia vapor, and giving a positive color when sprayed with FeCl3, then the extract was fractionated on polyamide 6 CC. The column was eluted with H2O-MeOH step gradient. The obtained fractions were subjected to paper chromatography using BAW and 15% AcOHas developing solvents, and the similar fractions were collected together to give four major fractions (Ⅰ-Ⅳ), which were examined by 2D paper chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 columns using the suitable solvent in each case. Identification of the isolated compounds based on chemical and physical methods of analysis.
This study resulted in isolation and identification of ten compounds from the ethanolic extract of D.lutescens including eight flavonoids:
Vicenin II (W1) prechafuroside B (W5)
Violanthin(W4) orientin(W6)
isoorientin (W7) vitexin(W8),
apigenin (W9), luteolin (W10),
together with two phenolic acids; gallic acid (W2) andp-hydroxy benzoic acid (W3), structure elucidation of the pure isolated phenolic compounds were performed using different spectroscopic techniques; UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry, and their structures were confirmed by comparing their data with those previously published in literature.
These compounds have been isolated and characterized for the first time from genus Dypsis.
3. HPLC-MS profile of phenolic compounds of D.lutescens and D.decaryi leaves. The alcoholic extracts were analyzed by online combination of HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS technique. This technique was applied to profile the secondary metabolites of the alcoholic extracts from the leaves of both plants. Twenty nine compounds from D.lutescens and twenty eight compounds from D.decaryileaves were tentatively identified and the results are recorded in results and discussion part.
Biological study:
Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of two doses of D. lutescensand D.decaryi ethanolic extract were investigated in seven groups of six rats each administered ethanolic extract. Liver function parameters were assessed, histopathological study was carried out, the anti-inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant potential in the liver tissues were evaluated.
Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of two plants were estimated for the first time and showed significant activity against histopathological changes induced by D-galactosamine in liver. The extracts improved the liver functions. Compared to the D-galactosamine group, the architecture of the liver in the treated groups was improved in the histopathological examination. These results proved the hepatoprotective activity of Dypsis plantsand their ability in attenuating the liver oxidative damage and inflammation.