الفهرس 
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Abstract
Thesis Title: Design, Synthesis and electronic structural studies of some symmetrical and unsymmetrical phthalocyanines for photo-electrochemical applications
Research Place: National Research Center and Kuwait University.
Phthalocyanines are an intensely blue-green-colored aromatic macrocyclic compound. They are a kind of near-IR photosensitizer with promising electrochemical, photochemical, and thermal properties. The main scope of this thesis is the preparation, structural and photophysical characterization of some novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical phthalocyanines and their application as photosensitizers in Photodynamic therapy and photovoltaics based on changing the substituents.
The thesis consists of four chapters as follow:
Chapter one presents a general and comprehensive introduction covering all the related topics in work including phthalocyanine and their methods of preparation. Also, the characteristics of phthalocyanine were presented with special focus on their electronic structure. After that, we presented applications of phthalocyanines in the two main categories under investigation: Photosensitization (Photodynamic therapy) and photovoltaics (Application in Solar Cells).
Chapter two presents the experimental details and synthesis procedures.
Chapter three presents symmetrical and unsymmetrical cationic phthalocyanine as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic therapy Application.
As Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively modern cancer treatment used as an alternative to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention. The study of phthalocyanine as potential photosensitizers in PDT requires strict specifications. As a mandatory requirement to apply on PDT, the photosensitizers (PS) must be characterized by good production of singlet oxygen and strong absorption of light in the optical window of tissues (or phototherapeutic window, i.e., 650-850 nm), where the penetration of light is the deepest. from this point of view, phthalocyanines (Pcs), which typically an excellent choice to be investigated.
In this chapter, we Consider the promising anticancer photodynamic activity of some selected cationic non-aggregated water soluble prepared complexes and applied the same protocol to prepare different triazole-containing Pc complexes in both symmetrical and unsymmetrical forms and anticipated obtaining new Pcs with enhanced activities. Then, we extended our investigation by introducing indium(III) as the metal ion in the triazole-containing Pc core to explore the heavy metal effect on the photophysical properties. In addition to studying the heavy atom effect using unsymmetrical triazolyl analogues.
Chapter Four presents the symmetrical and unsymmetrical Carbazolyl Phthalocyanines for Photovoltaics (Solar cell and photoelectrochemical) applications.
As it is well known that carbazole moiety are an interesting class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds because of their excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties. Recently, carbazoles were used as a building block for optoelectronic materials due to their large emission yield and excellent charge transport ability. They have been employed in light-emitting photosensitizers, charge/hole transport materials, organic light-emitting devices (OLED), photovoltaic, and display devices. By taking the intriguing photophysical and redox properties of both phthalocyanine and carbazole entities, in this chapter we presented the preparation of new zinc-phthalocyanine complexes in either symmetrical and unsymmetrical forms in order to improve their intended or applicable properties. Also, Single-crystal analysis, photophysical and electrochemical properties were reported. In addition, theoretical calculations using DFT and TDDFT approaches were used as a tool to explore the electronic structure of the synthesized complexes.