الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study proton induced nuclear reactions on natural nickel were investigated utilizing the stacked foil technique. The thesis consists of five chapters.
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter one presents the importance of the radioisotopes in different applications fields. This chapter gives a short explanation of the radionuclides production techniques, as accelerator types, the cyclotron and its mathematics. After that the previously literature are discussed.
Also the aim of this work is discussed, give light on the reasons of choosing the selected targets, nuclear reactions and the suitable nuclear codes for calculations.
CHAPTER TWO:
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
The chapter presents fundamentals of nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction kinematics, nuclear reaction mechanisms, production cross section, integral yield and interactions of charged particles with matter including discussion of stopping power and energy loss.
CHAPTER THREE:
APPARATUS & EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
In this chapter the used apparatus and facilities included in the experimental work are presented:
The stacked foil technique for measurement of charged particle induced reaction cross sections,
The MGC-20 cyclotron and its main parts,
Irradiation of samples & determination of the beam current,
The HPGe detectors for activity measurement,
The gamma-ray spectroscopy principles & detector efficiency.
CHAPTER FOUR:
NUCLEAR MODELS & CODES
Model calculations are an important tool to reliably interpolate the existing data or even extrapolate the data to other energies. This chapter explains the differences between two computer codes ( EMPIRE 3.2.2 & ALICE-IPPE), as well as TENDL-2017 library.
CHAPTER FIVE:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results are presented and discussed:
1. Monitoring of proton beam checked using natCu,
2. The study of the excitation function for the proton induced reaction on natural nickel in the energy range from threshold up to 14.7 MeV and which include the following reactions:
natNi(p,x)60Cu
natNi(p,x)61Cu
natNi(p,x)64Cu
natNi(p,x)55Co
natNi(p,x)57Co
natNi(p,x)58Co
natNi(p,x) 57Ni
The maximum cross section value for 64Cu is about 734 mb at 10.56 MeV, while the maximum cross section value for 60Cu is about 107 mb at 12.5 MeV. The present experimental data are compared to the previous available data and also with the theoretical calculations using the codes EMPIRE 3.2.2, ALICE-IPPE as well as TENDL-2017.
3. Calculations of target yields of the 55,57Co and 60,64Cu radionuclides as a function of proton energy were discussed.
4. Calculations of statistical parameters for the studied nuclear reactions. The obtained results provide indication of the quality of the used model codes.
Finally, the conclusions and references are presented.