الفهرس 
Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at Very High Energy: ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
In this thesis we are concerned to study the (proton-proton) elastic scattering at very high energy, in the framework of the optical limit approximation of Glauber theory taking into account the geometrical scaling property of quark-quark collision. We consider the proton to have an outer pion cloud of radius and an inner core of radius where the valence three quarks are confined as suggested by Islam et al. (2006) [48].
The main contribution of this thesis is considering the three-quark force effect in elastic scattering. This effect had not been taken into account before. We used the same approach of the three-body force suggested by Hassan et al. (2013) [99].
The obtained results show that the three-quark force correction is important. Since with considering the three-quark forces we obtained a good agreement with experimental data of the elastic scattering differential cross section and the total cross section at CERN-ISR energy where GeV and LHC energy TeV. On the same footing, we got a good agreement with experimental data of the elastic scattering total cross section , inelastic scattering total cross section and the ratio of real part to imaginary part of elastic scattering amplitude in the forward direction. Also we evaluated the radii of two-quark interaction , three-quark force and the quantity of energy that represents gluon .
The thesis consists of five chapters, list of references, list of figures, list of tables, list of Abbreviations and English and Arabic summaries.
In chapter I, a general view of the subject in published literature is presented for a wide range of years, 1959-2019. Different proton structure models are presented in Sec.1.2. Some models for collisions are given in Sec.1.3. A brief presentation for multiple scattering theory of Glauber is given in Sec.1.4. The optical limit approximation is presented in Sec.1.5.
Chapter II presents the three-quark force correction in the elastic scattering at CERN-ISR energies GeV. In Sec.2.2 in the framework of the optical limit approximation of Glauber including three-quark force, the pion-cloud effect, and the geometrical scaling property of quark-quark collision, we obtained a formula of the elastic scattering amplitude. The differential cross section, the radii of two-quark and three-quark forces, the quantity of energy of force mediator (gluon), the proton residue energy and the field particle of proton at CERN-ISR energies are calculated and discussed in Sec.2.3.
In chapter III, a formula for total cross section is obtained in Sec.3.1. The ratio of real part to imaginary part of elastic scattering amplitude in the forward direction is obtained in Sec.3.2. The elastic and inelastic total cross sections are given in Sec.3.3. Finally the results and discussion of these calculations are presented in Sec.3.4.
Chapter IV is concerned to study the three-quark force effect in the elastic scattering at LHC energies . In Sec.4.2 using the hadronic form factors of proton we try to reformulate the formalism of the used model in chapter II. We get the same formalism for the elastic scattering amplitude which is given in chapter II. In Sec.4.3 the results of the differential cross section are presented and discussed. The Bialas and Bzdak model is discussed in Sec.4.4.
In chapter V, the total cross section and ratio are calculated at LHC energies in Sec.5.1. The total elastic and inelastic cross sections are calculated in Sec.5.2. In Sec.5.3, the radii of two- and three-quark forces and the gluon quantity of energy are calculated at LHC energies. Finally the residue energy of proton is evaluated in Sec.5.4.
The results of this thesis were published in The European Physical Journal C
1. M. A. Hassan, A.A.E. Hefny, and T. N. E. Salama, Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 1029 (2018).
2. M. A. Hassan, A.A.E. Hefny, and T. N. E. Salama, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 599 (2019).