الفهرس 
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Abstract
Our study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic
in comparison to sonic aided removal of calcium hydroxide interim
medication from the root canal system.
The total number of sample was forty-eight straight single rooted
teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the
type of calcium hydroxide medication used group I using Metapaste
group II using pure calcium hydroxide powder mixed with distilled water.
Then each group subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A calcium
hydroxide removal was aided by Irrisafe ultrasonic tip subgroup B
calcium hydroxide removal was aided by Eddy sonic tip subgroup C
passive irrigation with beveled needle.
Crown of the teeth were left to simulate clinical condition. Teeth
were instrumented with Protaper NiTi Rotary system up to size F4, then
final irrigation protocol as follow: 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA
and finally distilled water. Metapaste was injected into the teeth, and the
pure calcium hydroxide mixed with distilled water was placed with
lentulo spiral. The specimens the sealed with temporary filling and stored
in incubator at 37°c and 100% humidity for 1 week.
After calcium hydroxide removal teeth were split longitudinally
and imaged by stereomicroscope then images analyzed with Image J
software to measure the percentage of the remaining calcium hydroxide
in each tooth segment (coronal, middle, apical).The samples filled with calcium hydroxide custom made paste
showed less remnants than Metapaste filled samples with significant
difference.
The highest amount of calcium hydroxide remnants was with passive
irrigation with significance difference.
Eddy sonic irrigation left fewer remnants than Irrisafe ultrasonic
irrigation with no significant difference between them.
Remnants of calcium hydroxide were left in apical and coronal
section more than the middle section with significant difference.