الفهرس 
ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has long since been
established as a source of pathology. Tempomoromandibular
joint disorders (TMD) is the second most common musculoskeletal
condition (after chronic low back pain) resulting in pain and
disability.
The prevalence of TMD estimates to 35% with estimated
management needs for TMD in adults at 16% It’s more
common in females in younger a groups.
Among the intra-articular disorders of the TMJ, disc
displacement with reduction (DDWR) corresponds to 41% of
TMD clinical diagnoses.
Imaging of TMJ is necessary to establish the proper
diagnosis, to select the appropriate treatment, and to assess the
treatment results. For imaging purposes, MRI is currently
considered the reference method for imaging the soft tissue
structures of the TMJ (displacement and reduction of the
articular disc, synovial membrane, lateral pterygoid muscle,
bone marrow) .Among the disadvantages of the MRI
investigation, it is costly and time consuming, restricted use in
patients with claustrophobia with absolute contraindications
such as cardiac pacemaker, cochlear implant, vascular clips and
intra-occular foreign body. Our study was conducted on twenty one patients at Ain
Shams University Hospitals. The anatomy, pathology of TMJ
disc displacement, the techniques of MRI and US imaging were
discussed.
US were considered to be an operator-dependent
technology. And, despite revealing highly sensitive and specific
results in prediction of TMJ disc displacement in correlation to
MRI. Some technical limitations were encountered.
We concluded that HRUS is a sensitive tool for diagnosis
of anterior disc displacement.
Based on our current results we do not recommend
HRUS as a conclusive diagnostic tool to replace MRI in cases
with clinically suspected internal derangements of the TMJ.
Being not as sensitive as MRI, it still can be used as an
adjunct to common imaging modalities in the assessment of TMJ
due to its advantages such as; non-ionizing radiation, availability,
ease of usage, and providing real-time rapid images.
It can be used in situations where MRI is unaffordable,
unavailable which is a significant fact in Egypt. Or when
contraindicated like cases with cochlear implants, pacemakers
or claustrophobia.
Ultrasound examination can also be used as a low cost
follow up tool for assessing the impact of conservative
treatment for alleviating lockjaw.