الفهرس 
CHAPTER VI MAGNETIC DATA INTERPRETATIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Saint Catherine area is located in the southeastern part of south Sinai. It is situated between latitudes 28ᵒ 30’- 29ᵒ 00’ N and longitudes 33ᵒ 50’ -34ᵒ 30’ E and it covers an area of about 3619 m2. Satellite remote sensing data are effective for geologic applications, essentially in the inaccessible regions of the Earth’s surface. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Band Ratio (BR) image processing techniques are effective for the refinement of the lithological boundaries in the study area. Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Landsat-8 and Sentineal-2 satellite images are useful for identifying the lithological units and rock forming minerals Band ratios and a principal component analysis. Methods successfully discriminated the exposed rock units including granites, syenite, metavolcanics, tonalite-granodiorite, and gneisses basement rocks at Saint Catharine area. Support Vector Machine (SVM) as spectral based machine learning algorithm has been applied for automatic lithological detection using the raw and derivatives landsat-8 spectral bands and the second vertical derivative of Reduction to The Pole (RTP) of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) stacking bands datasets. The overall, user and producer accuracy assessment have been calculated for exposed basement rock units in the study area. The best overall accuracy obtained is 97% using the stacking (7 landsat-8, 7 PC landsat-8 and DEM) datasets.
Magnetic and geo-electrical methods are applied in Saint Catherine area, southeastern Sinai, Egypt to determine the main structural trends, the tectonic origin of the area in addition to their effects on groundwater potentialities in some wadies in the considered area. Magnetic data were represented by the Total Magnetic Intensity map, which was processed through the Reduction to The Pole technique. Then analyzing and processing RTP to produce Regional and Residual separation maps, Second Vertical
Derivative (SVD), Source Parameter Imaging (SPI). After that analyzing RTP, regional and residual and (SVD) by using Source Edge Detection (SED) and Tilt Angle Derivative to produce trend analysis maps. The analysis and interpretation of the magnetic data concluded that at shallower depth levels, the predominant fault trend is NE-SW whereas at deep levels, the fault trend is also NE-SW. Therefore, the different fault trends at different depths as indicated by magnetic anomalies most probably indicate that the deformation of the area is related then thin-skinned deformation and the faults affecting the Precambrian basement in the area play an important role in the study area. As show on SPI map the thickness of sedimentary cover is about 650 m in the southwestern side and increases to about 8 km towards the northern part and change occasionally in the narrower wadies.
Geo-electrical resistivity technique is used to detect the source of the groundwater and subsurface structure in some specific wadies. This technique was applied in the form of Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES). Eighteen VES’s are distributed through three profiles with AB/2 from 1 m to 500 m have been carried out. The results of geo-electrical survey delineate several features of the groundwater aquifers description as; the first geo- electrical layer consists of wadi deposit with thickness ranges between 1 m to 5 m it is considered dry, due to its higher resistivities. The thickness of second layer (Quaternary-Cambrian Sandstone) varies from 4 m to 42 m (1st aquifer layer). The third geo-electrical zone contains the weathering Precambrian rocks with thickness in range of 12 m to 273 m and the groundwater accumulated in the fractured of this zone (2nd aquifer layer). The fourth geo-electrical zone consists of massive basement where it shows high resistivity values. The study showed that the aquifers are related with structure elements.