الفهرس 
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Abstract
10. Summary
The effect of eating artichokes and milk thistle (artichoke land) on mice infected with hepatitis and kidney.
Liver and kidney diseases are a major health problem worldwide, posing a serious risk to human health.
Artichoke and milk thistle are the most important vegetables rich in vitamins and antioxidants found in nature and beneficial to health. The aim of this study is to know the nutritional importance of artichoke and milk thistle and their efficacy to resist hepatitis and kidney on the rats that are infected with carbon tetrachloride , glycerol and saline solution as well as their effect on the functions of the liver, kidneys and total lipids.
Artichoke is an important food component , and a good source of health-promoting compounds, especially phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid) and its beneficial effects are linked to their antioxidant activity . its leaves are frequently used in the treatment of hepatitis, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and dyspeptic disorders , and the prevention of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Silymarin which is an active component of extract of milk thistle is a mixture of flavonolignans and strong antioxidant, that has been proven to promote liver cell regeneration, reduce blood cholesterol, and treatment of many diseases such as cancer, liver, kidney, cardiac, brain . it also work as antioxidants , anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, and other health beneficiary properties.
This study was conducted to check the importance of artichoke and milk thistle and their efficacy against hepatitis and kidney on experimental rats.
This study was carried out in the Biological Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture-Cairo University, on male rats of the type of Alpino (72 rat) of the International Sprague Strain, It weights about (150-200g). The rats were divided after the adjustment period into two main groups, each group (36 rat), the first subgroup of each major group fed to the basic food as a negative group, while the rest of the groups were feed on different proportions of dried artichokes and milk thistle (20, 40%).
The experiment lasted a period of (8 weeks), where rats were weighed twice a week as well as the amount of food intake was recorded and the food efficiency rate calculated.
The rate of increase in body weight has been calculated, the amount of feed intake , as well as the rate of food efficiency has been calculated. At the end of the Experiment period the rats were slaughtered after 12 hours, were dissected and collected blood samples for the serum to estimate the level of total lipid in the blood, liver enzymes and kidney function, and the relative weight of some members was calculated for the body weight (liver, kidney, heart), as well as was done Histopathology for both tissues (liver, kidney, heart).
Functional properties have been studied dried artichoke and dried milk thistle at different levels (20-40%). The study also included a study of the chemical composition of these plants, which included calculation of protein, carbohydrates, ash, fat, fiber, moisture.
1.Acute Liver Failure:
The results showed that the contain of feed intake, body weight, Final weight in the group of acute liver failure with rats which fed on (20% dried milk thistle) the best results when compared to the positive control group.
The results showed that the group of acute liver failure with rats which fed on (20% dried milk thistle) significantly reduced the relative weight of the organs compared to the positive control group.
The results showed that the group of acute liver failure with rats which fed on (20% dried milk thistle) significantly decreased total fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride as compared to positive control group.
As recorded that the group of acute liver failure with rats which fed on(20% dried milk thistle) significantly lower HDL, LDL, HDL / LDL, and VLDL levels than those feed at different levels (20-40%) of dried artichoke and dried milk thistle as compared with the positive control group.
The results showed that the group of acute liver failure with rats which fed on (20% dried milk thistle) was the best results in decreased the level of ALP-AST -ALT liver enzymes compared with the positive control group.
It was evident through the histological results that the group of mice infected with acute hepatitis, which fed 20% of dried artichoke, improved the tissues and cells of the liver, kidneys and heart.
2. Acute Renal Failure:
Feeding rats with acute renal failure (40% dried milk thistle) resulted in a significantly decreased in the feed intake, Final weight, and body weight as compared to positive control group.
The results showed that feeding the group of acute renal failure with rats , which fed on (40% dried milk thistle) significantly improved the relative weight of the organs as compared to the positive control group.
Treatment of rats with acute renal failure which fed on (40% dried milk thistle) the best result in total fat and triglyceride levels in the blood. While a significant improvement in the level of total cholesterol as compared with the positive control group.
The results showed that a significant decreased in levels of HDL, LDL, HDL / LDL, and VLDL in the blood in the group of acute renal failure with rats, which fed on (40% dried milk thistle) as compared to positive control group.
In addition, the results showed that kidney function was significantly improved in the level of creatinine, uric acid and urea in the blood in rats with acute renal failure, in the group that fed on (20% dried milk thistle ) as compared to the positive control group.
Through the results of the histological, it was found that the group of mice infected with acute hepatitis, which fed 20% of dried milk thistle, improved the tissues and cells of the liver, kidneys and heart.