الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used food additives which are used extensively in the food industry as a flavor enhancer. The safety and toxicity of MSG had become controversial in the last few years. Ingestion of MSG as an additive to food within normal limits doesn’t represent a risk of poisoning in humans. However, when it is taken in large dosage or with small dosage for prolonged time; it would damage the liver and the pancreatic tissues in both human and experimental animals
Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has several pharmacological properties, such as anticancer, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant effects of TA are: quench lipid peroxidation, prevent DNA oxidative damage, and scavenge hydroxyl radical (OH).
The present study was designed to study the toxic effects of MSG on the liver and pancreas with possible protective role of TA.
The study was conducted on 40 healthy adult male albino rats divided randomly into 4equal groups, 10 animals each for 4weeks. group I (control): Animals were fed on standard diet, group II (TA treated): Animals were treated with oral dose 100 mg/kg/b.wt of TA, group III (MSG treated): Animals were treated with oral dose 2g/kg b.wt of MSG, group IV (TA+MSG): Animals were received both TA (100 mg/kg b.wt) and MSG ( 2g/kg b.wt ).
At the end of the experiment the body weight of each animal was weighed before treatments and before sacrifice then the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurement .The liver and pancreatic organs were dissected and weighted. Slices from the liver and pancreas were fixed in 10% neutral formalin for histopathological examination by light microscopy.
I-Results of body weight and relative organs weight
1. Body weight
The animals treated with MSG showed significant increase in the final body weight (FBW) where the weight gain (WG) ratio was 32.70% as compared to that in the control group (10.7%) while there was significant reduction in the mean value of FBW in the animal treated with TA+MSG (group IV) where the WG ratio was reduced to 10.52% which indicates that TA has an effective ability to control the body weight.
2. Relative Liver and pancreatic weights
MSG had no significant effect on the liver and pancreatic weight as the relative liver weight (RLW) and pancreatic weight (RPW) didn’t show any significant difference in all animals groups of the experimental study as well,.
II-Biochemical results:
1.A. Results of biochemical parameters of the liver
The animals treated with MSG (group III) showed that there was significant rise in the mean value of the serum level of ALT and AST enzymes as compared to the control group (group I) and their levels were reduced significantly towards the normal when TA was administrated with MSG (group IV).
1.B. Results of biochemical parameters of the pancreas
MSG increased the serum levels of both amylase and lipase enzymes significantly when compared to the control group. TA caused significant reduction in the serum level of amylase enzyme in group IV while, TA didn’t show significant difference in the serum level of lipase enzyme in group IV when compared to group III.
For the random blood glucose (RBG), there was significant elevation in the mean values of RBG with MSG administration (group III) when compared to the control group. While combination of TA with MSG revealed significant improvement in the mean values of RBG. On other hand, no significant difference in plasma insulin level was observed in MSG treated group and in all studied animals groups.
III-Histopathological results of the studied groups:
1. Histopathological results of the liver.
The histopathological effect of MSG was markedly declared on MSG treated group where there was severe damage in the liver tissues such as congestion and dilatation of blood vessels with different cellular change such as necrosis, apoptosis, polymorphism and prominent Kupffer cells. While, administration of TA to MSG in group IV showed improvement in the hepatic architecture with more or less normal of its cellular components.
2-Histopathological results of the pancreas:
The mean value of pancreatic area size was significantly increased in MSG treated group while TA could significantly reduce its size towards the normal when co administrated with MSG (group IV).
The histopathological changes of the pancreatic tissues revealed that MSG treated group (group III) displayed diffuse loss in the normal architecture of the pancreas such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of islets of Langerhans with decreased in their number. Also, the islet cells showed vacuolation and pyknotic nuclei as well as, the acinar cells showed mild changes in their normal architecture with presence of edema in between in addition to congestion and dilatation in the blood vessels. These findings were improved in the group treated with TA (group IV) where there was more or less normal appearance in most pancreatic architecture.
Recommendations
Reduction of the daily intake of MSG is important to avoid its adverse effects on different body organs due to its accumulative effect.
Further studies should be carried out on MSG in different doses to show their effects upon the pancreatic function especially on insulin secretion.
Further studies should be carried out to show the toxic effect of MSG on liver and pancreatic weights
Further studies should be carried out to show the adverse effect of MSG on other body organs.
Further studies should be carried out to show If MSG is a carcinogenic agent or not.
Further studies should be carried out on TA effect on the function and histopathology of liver and pancreatic toxicity induced by MSG.
The antioxidants effect of TA against other oxidants agents should be studied.
Studying the effect of antioxidants other than TA should be conducted specially those found naturally in food.