الفهرس 
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Abstract
1- Introduction: presents an overview of the basis of glass and glass-ceramics and the lack of information about the structure and properties of the studied glasses. 2- Aim of the work: The work aimed to elucidate the structure of NaF-TeO2 and PbF2-TeO2 matrices, explore the role of fluorine ions and the type and concentration of the modified structural, investigate the clustering phenomena and some physical properties of the studied glasses Experimental techniques: glasses and glass-ceramics have the formula XNaF∙(100 – X)TeO2 and XPbF2∙(100 – X)TeO2 have been prepared. These glasses and glass-ceramics have been investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Raman, Fourior transfrom infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies and absorption in UV and visible regions. 4- Results and Discussion: The results obtained from the investigation tools could be treated to determine quantitatively the concentration of structural units and their change with composition. These were correlated with the results of investigation tools and the electric conduction and optical properties of the studied materials. 5- Summary and Conclusions: Summarized all the work from the type of materials to electron microscopy and spectroscopic tools. Correlation between the results and the electric conduction and the optical properties of the studied materials was also given.6- References: There are 121 references, all are related to the study and most of them are recent.7- Summary of the thesis/ dissertation in Arabic: Summarized (in Arabic) all the work from the type of materials to electron microscopy and spectroscopic tools. Correlation between the results and the electric conduction and optical properties of the studied materials was also given.