الفهرس 
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Aquaculture products have increased significantly in recent
years (FAO, 2018). furthermore, the total growth exceeding human
population growth. This increase in aquaculture production must be
supported by an equivalent increase in formulated feed production for
the cultured aquatic animals (El-Sayed et al., 2015). Among all, Nile
tilapia has been growing rapidly in worm regions. Previous research
had proven development of antibiotics resistance in bacteria of aquatic
organisms also the negative effects to the environment has led to a ban
of the use of such chemical substances in the field of aquaculture
(Hassaan et al., 2018). Previous research stated that the use of nonchemical
substances, such as acidifiers and probiotics, to increase
growth performance has been performed in several fish. Organic acids
and probiotics are alternatives to antibiotics on large scale and also
their cost-effectiveness and health benefits give them an advantage
compare of antibiotics in aquafeeds (Hoseinifar et al., 2017). The most
common organic acids like acetic, fumaric, and citric acid and their
salts as K-diformate (KDF) and Na-diformate are used in aquaculture
proven success in enhancing the growth performance and nutrient
availabilities and being efficient and cost effective in various fish
species. Applications of organic acids and probiotics in aquaculture are
in urgent need to improve growth performance, disease resistance and
increase the profitability. Organic acid salts, such as potassium diformate
(KDF), that have received attention as an alternative to
antibiotics due to its easiness to handle, little or no corrosive effect and
also effective against pathogenic