الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 seasons on 25 – years old Sewy date palms produced via offshoots propagation and grown in a private date palm orchard situated at El- Farafrah district, New Valley Governorate thirty uniform in vigour and free from pest Sewy date palms were selected for achieving of the present study. The selected palms are planted at 7x7 meters apart and the texture of soil is sandy clay. Surface irrigation system Nile water was followed:
The selected palms (30) received the common agricultural and horticultural that already applied in the orchard except those dealing with hand pollination and the application of Royal jelly and boric acid.
This experiment included the following ten pollination treatments :
1- Hand pollinations using five fresh strands / spathe.
2- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g / spathe
3- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 0.5 g Royal Jelly / spathe.
4- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 1.0 g Royal Jelly / spathe.
5- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 2.0 g Royal Jelly / spathe.
6- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 4.0 g Royal Jelly / spathe.
7- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 0.5 g Royal Jelly plus 0.5 g boric acid / spathe.
8- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 1.0 g Royal Jelly plus 0.5 g boric acid/ spathe.
9- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2 g mixed with 2.0 g Royal Jelly plus 0.5 g boric acid / spathe.
10- Hand pollination using powdered pollens at 2.0 g mixed with 4.0 g Royal jelly plus 0.5 g boric acid /spathe.
Each treatment was replicated there times, one Sewy palm date per each. Pollination was achieved throughout two days after female spathe cracking. To prevent metaxenia, every bunch was bagged after inserting male strands or powdered pollens enriched with Royal Jelly with or without using boric acid by paper bags which were tied at the end using a piece of cotton after one month. Pollens or male strands were used from Sewy male date palms. Number of bunches for all palms were adjusted to 10 bunches and bunch / ratio was 8 :1.
During both seasons the following parameters were recorded:
1- Percentage of fruit retention.
2- Yield/ palm (kg.)
3- Average bunch weight (kg.)
4- Some physical characteristics of the fruits namely fruit weight (g.) , height and diameter (cm) and percentage of flesh and seeds.
5- Some chemical characteristics of the fruits namely T.S.S. % , total , reducing and non- reducing sugars , total acidity %, pH, total soluble tannins and crude fibre.
The nearly some obtained data during both seasons could be summarized under the following main items:
1- Percentage of fruit retention:
Percentage of fruit retention was materially improved in response to carrying out pollination using powdered pollens with or without using 0.5 g boric to 4.0 g Royal Jelly with or without using 0.5 g boric acid/ spathe relative to pollination using five fresh male strands or powdered pollens at 2.0 g alone (without using Royal Jelly or boric acid). The promotion on such percentage was in proportional to the increase of Royal Jelly levels from 0.5 to 4.0 g / the highest values were recoded when palms were pollinated with a powdered pollens enriched with 4.0 g Royal Jelly and 0.5 g boric acid / spathe.
2- Yield/ palm:
Yield/ palm was positively affected by carrying out handy pollination using powdered pollens mixed with Royal Jelly with or without the use of boric acid over the pollination using fresh male strands a powdered pollens alone without using Royal Jelly or boric acid. Hand pollination using powdered pollens was considerably superior them pollination with fresh male strands in improving the yield. The highest values of yield from economical point of view were obtained when the palms were pollination with powdered pollens at 2.0 g enriched with Royal Jelly at 2.0 g enriched with Royal Jelly at 2.0 g and boric acid at 0.5 g / spathe. However, pollination using five fresh male strands/ spathe gave the lowest values.
3- Average bunch weight:
Carrying out hand pollination using powdered pollens enriched with Royal Jelly with or without boric acid was beneficial in improving average, bunch weight relative to using fresh male strands or powered pollens alone. The promotion an overage bunch weight was related with eth addition of boric acid to the mixture of powdered pollens and Royal Jelly relative to pollination using powdered pollens enriched with Royal Jelly alone. The greatest weight of bunch was obtained when the palms were pollinated with powdered pollens at 23.0 g enriched with Royal Jelly at 4.0 g and boric acid at 0.5 g / spathe.
4- Physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits:
Hand pollination using powdered pollens enriched with Royal Jelly with or without the use of boric acid was appreciably very effective in improving fruit quality in terms of increasing fruit weight, height and diameter, flesh weighty % , T.S.S. %, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars and decreasing fruit seed weight %, total acidity %, pH, total soluble tannins and total fibre % relative to carrying out hand pollination using fresh male strands or powdered pollens alone. The best results with regard to fruit quality from economical point o view were obtained when the palms were pollinated with a mixture of powdered pollens enriched with Royal Jelly at 2.0 g and boric acid at 0.5 g / spathe. Unfavourable effects on fruit quality were recorded on the palms that pollinated with five fresh male strands alone.
CONCLUSION:
Under the conditions of New Valley and the resembling conditions it recommended to carrying out pollination of Sewy date palms with a mixture of powdered pollens at 2.0 g enriched Royal Jelly at 2.0 g and boric acid at 0.5 g / spathe throughout two days after female spathes cracking for obtaining higher yield and fairly goal fruit quality.