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العنوان
Zoonotic Intestinal Parasites among Humans and their Contact Livestock Animals in a Rural Community in Gharbia Governorate /
المؤلف
Aboura, Shimaa Fawzy El kotb Mohammad.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / شيماء فوزي القطب محمد عابورة
مشرف / آمال فرحات علام
مشرف / أمل يوسف شهاب
مشرف / هندعلى الطويل
مناقش / ثناء أحمد المصرى
مناقش / منى محمد طلبة
الموضوع
Parasitology. Applied and Molecular Parasitology.
تاريخ النشر
2020.
عدد الصفحات
99 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
علم الطفيليات
تاريخ الإجازة
27/7/2020
مكان الإجازة
جامعة الاسكندريه - معهد البحوث الطبية - الطفيليات
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

Zoonotic parasitic diseases are transmitted in nature between animals and humans. Livestock animals play an important role in their transmission. These diseases are classically predominant in underdeveloped agricultural and rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. As many as 400 million people of the Middle East and the north Africa region including Egypt may be affected due to environmental, social, educational, and economic factors. In Egypt, intestinal parasitic zoonoses are widespread among children and residents of rural areas. In general, the consequences of such zoonoses are amplified because of their economic and clinical impact on both humans and animals.
The present work aimed to study the association between intestinal parasitic infections among humans and their contact livestock animals in a rural community in Gharbia governorate.
The present study was conducted in Sebrbay village in Gharbia governorate. Three hundred participants were selected randomly, they agreed to submit their stool samples as well as stool samples of their livestock animals. Their ages ranged from 2 to 83 years, 33.3% of the cases were under the age of 14 years, 32.3% aged from 15 to 35 years and 34.3% were over 35 years old. Regarding gender, males represented 47% of the study samples while females represented 53%. As for occupation, farmers represented 17.7% of the cases, 26.7% were students, 11.3% were employees and 32.3% were housewives.
The collected human stool samples were examined both by Kato-Katz technique to detect ova of helminths and formalin ether sediment to detect parasitic cysts and ova. The sediment obtained from formalin ether technique was stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen and examined under oil immersion lens for oocysts. Animal samples were processed in the same way as for humans except for Kato-Katz technique.
Results revealed that the overall rate of intestinal parasitic infection was 52.3% (157 cases). Helminthes infection was 7.3% while protozoal infection was 45%. Asymptomatic individuals constituted 43.3% of the study sample. As for symptomatic participants abdominal pain and diarrhea were the most frequent complaints (40.7% and 26% respectively) followed by loss of appetite and vomiting (20.0% and 5.3% respectively). Parasitic infection was slightly more common in those having diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting compared to non-complaining subjects. On the other hand, parasitic infection was negatively associated with loss of appetite with statistical significance.
Macroscopic examination of stool samples revealed that 53.7% of brown samples, 31.2% of yellowish brown samples and 33.3% of greenish brown samples were positive. Regarding consistency, 46.2% of formed samples, 62.1% of soft samples and 45.4% of liquid samples were positive. 42.8% of samples having mucus were positive. Blood was not detected in any of the examined samples.
Kato-Katz technique detected a helminthic infection rate of 7.3% among the 300 examined cases where 4.3% had S. mansoni, 1.7% had E. vermicularis and 0.7% had T. trichiura. A. lumbricoides and H. nana were the least common (0.3% each).
Formalin ether technique revealed that the prevalence of protozoan infection was 42% while 3% of protozoal infections were detected by using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Regarding formalin ether technique, Blastocystis spp. were identified in 31.0% of the examined cases; G. lamblia in 5.0% and E. coli in 6.0%. Ziehl-Neelsen showed that cases infected by Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. were 2.0 % and 1.0 % of the examined participants respectively.
The prevalence of zoonotic parasites was the highest in the group aged between 30 – 45 years (61.1%), followed by those aged >45 years (58.8%).As for gender, 58.2% of positive cases were males while 47.2% were females.
Stool samples of 165 livestock animals were collected and examined by formalin ether and modified Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Total infection rate in animals in this study was 29.0%. Regarding formalin ether, infection rate of Blastocystis was 22.0% in buffaloes, 23.8% in cows and 20.0% in goats, infection rate of G. lamblia was 1.1% in buffaloes and 4.8% in cows. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 3.3% in buffaloes and 6.3% in cows, Infection rate of Cyclospora was 1.6% in cows. No infection was detected among sheep (0%).
In this study, the whole prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans (52.3%) was higher than the prevalence in animals (29.0%).The difference was statistically significant.
Considering the risk factors which may increase the rate of infection, all participants mentioned that they used to wash fresh vegetables before eating them. 53.2% of participants who washed their hands before meals and 53% of those who used to wash their hands after defecation were positive.
Regarding animals, 53.9% of those who kept their animals inside their homes and 47.2% of those who kept them outside were positive.
Parasitic infection was detected with variable rates among participants drinking filtered, tap or pump water (59.7%, 36.2% and 60% respectively). In addition, 48.5% of cases engaged in farm work, 54.4% of humans in contact with livestock animals and 32.4% of children going to nurseries were diagnosed positive.
Collectively, the prevalence of zoonotic protozoa among humans was higher than that of animals. It was 1.5 times more humans compared to animals. Cows revealed the highest prevalence of infection compared to other livestock animals. Although the examined individuals were positive for helminths infections, no helminthes were detected among the examined animals. Data evidenced that age and attendance of nurseries affected the rates of parasite infection in the study area.