الفهرس 
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Abstract
This is a case-control study conducted in cardiology department Mansoura university hospitals from June 2018 to June 2019 to assess the functions of left atrium in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation post pharmacological cardioversion.The study included 45 subjects divided into two groups. First group 1(study): included 25 patients with non-vlavular atrial fibrillation after pharmacological cardioversion . Second group2 (control): 20 healthy subjects The study showed that In study group left atrial mechanical functions assessed using 2DSTE were imapaired compared to the left atrial functions in the control group.Finally, our study results showed Left atrial mechanical functions assessed by 2DSTE have been impaired with increased left atrial stiffness in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation compared with control subjects even though before significant increase in left atrial dimensions and volume took place confirming the concept that “Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation”.