الفهرس 
APPLIED ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In our study we evaluated the degree of cyclotorsion after peribulbar block and it was located around 5.77 degrees of incyclotorsion (62%), and 5.06 degrees of excyclotorsin (32%), with mean of cyclotorsion located around 5.20 degrees.
We observed in our study that cyclotorsion ranging (1-5) degrees occurred in 27 eyes (48%) and cyclotorsion more than 5 degrees occurred in 23 eyes (46%).
These results lead us to suggest that, despite the apparent akinesia achieved with peibulbar block, the cyclotorsion persists.
Positional induced inexcyclotorsion could be an important factor concerning of astigmatism in refractive surgery.
Before performing refractive and cataract surgery correcting astigmatism, the axis of astigmatism is usually measured in sitting position, while the procedure of correction itself takes place in a supine position.
The refractive outcome of the cylinder correction depends on the accuracy of the axis treatment. Even minimal meridional errors can have significant negative refractive consequences, particularly in cases of moderate to high astigmatism.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In conclusion, cyclotorsion represents another potential source of residual refractive errors in case of toric IOL implantation, that subsequently will lead to a reduced visual quality postoperatively. Therefore it should be carefully taken into account in the preoperative analyses.
It has been recommended that preoperative corneal markings of the 0- to 180-degree meridian using specifically designed instruments should be made with the patient upright, and that the markings should then be aligned with the 0- to 180-degree meridian of a fixation ring with the patient supine, from which the meridian of the toric IOL to be implanted could be marked with a meridian marker.