الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to study, physiologically and histopathologically, the adverse effects of cadmium chloride and lead acetate administration for constitutive 15 days on physiological functions of liver, kidney and testes in male albino rats, investigate the protective effects exerted by pre-treatment with L-arginine on Cd and Pb induced adverse changes for 15 and 30 days and evaluate whether L-arginine induced a therapeutic effect after Cadmium and lead administration for 15 days. The current study was conducted on seventy- two mature male albino rats weighing 250±20 gram and included three experiments: The first experiment was carried out on six experimental groups (n=6) treated by oral gavage for 15 days as follows: group I: (Control group), received distilled water; group II: (L-arginine treated group), received daily L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/ kg of animal body weight; group III: (Cadmium chloride treated group), received daily cadmium chloride at a dose of 5 mg/ kg of animal body weight; group IV: (Lead acetate treated group), received lead acetate at a dose of 25 mg/ kg of animal body weight; group V: (L-arginine + Cadmium chloride), received L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight about 30 minutes prior to Cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg of animal body weight / day; group VI: (L-arginine + lead acetate), received L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight about 30 minutes prior to lead acetate 25 mg/kg of animal body weight / day; The second experiment aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of L-arginine as antioxidant agent on hepatic, renal and testicular functions against cadmium chloride and lead acetate intoxication in male rats for 30 days and was carried out on four experimental groups (n=6) treated by oral gavage as follows: group I: (Control group), received distilled water; group II: (L-arginine treated group), received daily L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/ kg of animal body weight; group III: (L-arginine + Cadmium chloride), received L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight about 30 minutes prior to Cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg of animal body weight / day; group IV: (L-arginine + lead acetate), received L-arginine at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight about 30 minutes prior to lead acetate 25 mg/kg of animal body weight / day. The third experiment aimed to investigate whether L-arginine has a therapeutic effect either after cadmium chloride or lead acetate administration for 15 days and was carried out on two experimental groups (n=6) treated by oral gavage as follows: group I: (Cadmium chloride / L-arginine), received cadmium chloride (5 mg/ kg body weight/ day) for 15 days followed by L-arginine (200 mg/ kg body weight / day) for another 15 days; group II: (lead acetate/ L-arginine), received lead acetate (25 mg/ kg body weight/day) for 15 days followed by L-arginine (200 mg/ kg body weight/ day) for another 15 days. At day 15 and 30 of these experiments, all groups of rats were subjected to anesthesia by diethyl ether after overnight fasting. Blood samples were withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus and collected in separation tubes, then centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m for 15 minutes to separate the serum for subsequent biochemical analysis. Moreover, the liver, kidney and testes were collected from each rat, and divided into two parts. The first part was homogenized with sterile phosphate buffer saline to obtain tissue homogenate for used in the analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidants markers. The second part was preserved in 10% formalin for used in histopathological examination. Only small part (0.5) of testes was collected in Eppendorf tubes with Trizol then stored at -20˚c for used in RNA extraction and gene expression analysis.