الفهرس 
Introduction and literature reviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In order to approach the objectives and aims of the work, this thesis is structured as follows. After the introduction, Chapter 2 sheds light on speckle patterns’ basics. This chapter begins with a brief start on the origin of speckle patterns and then explains the formation of speckle patterns and their physical properties. To illustrate how the speckle patterns can be an accurate technique for expressing surface roughness, the statistical properties of speckle patterns such as the contrast and the optical density (OD) are discussed in detail in this chapter. Then, the types of speckle patterns “objective and subjective” in addition to speckle metrology techniques are described. Finally, a brief discussion of the formation of white-light speckle patterns is presented.
Chapter 3 starts with the necessary information about silicon crystal growth and the basic properties of silicon. Then, it represents an overview of the junction physics. Subsequently, the physical aspects of solar cells, and their I-V characteristics are described. To represent how solar cell parameters can be improved due to the enhancement of solar cell’s light trapping efficiency, the basics and the formation mechanism of porous silicon are discussed in detail. This chapter also presents the classification of porous silicon morphology and porous silicon measurements techniques.
Chapter 4 describes the experimental setup used for porous silicon fabrication and the basic working principles of porous silicon characterization techniques. The experimental techniques that used for recording laser and white-light speckle patterns resulted from the mutual interference of scattered wavelets form the porous silicon surfaces are also described and explained in detail.
Chapter 5 essentially focus on the experimental results of porous silicon characterization. The morphological and the optical properties of porous silicon were investigated. The photovoltaic parameters of porous silicon solar cells are determined. The statistical properties of speckle patterns are calculated. Then, these statistical properties are correlated with the porous silicon properties.
Finally, in Chapter 6 the work is concluded, and the future work is discussed.