الفهرس 
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Abstract
C
ongenital inguinal hernia is the protrusion of intra-abdominal contents through a patent processus vaginalis, the processus vaginalis is an out pouching of the peritoneum through the internal inguinal ring, which normally closes spontaneously following testicular descent, incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis may result in abnormal communication between the abdominal cavity and the inguinal region.
Inguinal hernia repair is among the most common procedures performed by pediatric surgeons, the surgical management of the contralateral groin remains controversial.
The current study aimed to verify the usefulness of preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (PPV) at the level of the internal inguinal ring.
The incidence of contralateral inguinal hernias in children after undergoing unilateral hernia repair is 5.8–11.6 % (Kaneda et al 2015).
The exploration of the asymptomatic side is intended to detect a patent processus vaginalis (PPV) or a Non-evident clinical hernia with the aim of avoiding a second anesthesia, minimizing parental and patient inconvenience, avoiding the chance of incarceration, and reducing costs.
Potential disadvantages of exploring the asymptomatic side include injury to the contents of the spermatic cord, wound infection, increased pain, increased costs, and a prolonged procedure.
Identifying methods that can be used for predicting contralateral inguinal hernias can aid in avoiding negative contralateral exploration.
Therefore, the preoperative evaluation of contra-lateral inguinal hernias by ultrasonography is important in patients with unilateral hernias that could prevent unnecessary contralateral exploration and might reduce the incidence of children developing contralateral inguinal hernias and obviating the need for a second Operation and anesthesia.
This study is cohort study include all patients presented to our hospital with unilateral inguinal hernia for herniotomy underwent preoperative ultrasonography detecting diameter of patent processus vaginalis at internal ring with follow up period of 6 months to contralateral side whether the contralateral side will be with evident inguinal hernia need herniotomy or non-evident hernia for more follow up period.
150 cases were chosen for this study, our pediatric patients age ranged between (45 days) till (18 years), with mean age of (4.08) years, the cases were chosen according to some inclusion and exclusion criteria.
During follow up of 6 months to contralateral sides patients come with evident hernia were 15 (10%), with median age (1.5years), whereas those with non-evident hernia were 135 (90%). So according to this study the role of ultrasonography is significant in detection of contralateral PPV in patients presented with unilateral inguinal hernia.
The results were discussed and explained before.