الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, the biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histopathological changes of liver and kidney were studied following: group (1):Served as a negative control group.nine rats were administrated 3.3 ml of normal saline orally for five days ,group (2):.Nine rats were administrated 26.4mg of moxifloxacin which was suspended into sodium chloride at a concentraion of 400 mg / 250 in a dose of 26.4 mg/ kg body weight orally for 5 days, Group(3):.Nine rats were infected experimently with fresh mixture of staphylococcus aureus at the conc of 10ᵡ7 cfu/ml Hassan et al, (2011). It was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.5 ml/ kg body weight Pollitt et al. (2018) intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.5 ml/ kg body weight .Group(4) Nine rats were infected experimently with staphylococcus aureus followed by moxifloxacin in a dose of 26.4 mg/ kg b.wt, once daily for five days as in group2.7.1 Effect of moxifloxacin and / or staphylococcus aureus on liver function:Oral administration of moxifloxacin at 26.4 mg/kg body weight once daily for five successive days in rats.Moxifloxacin showed significant increase in serum total bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in rats compared to control group. Slight increase in serum total protein and serum albumin .Experimentally infected rats with Staphylococcus aureus showed that infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a slight increase in serum alanine aminotransferase at the 1st day and 7th day , while aspartate aminotransferase exhibited a non-significant increase at 14th days, when compared with control normal group.While infected rats exhibited a non-significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase at the 1st and 14th days, while infected group exhibited a significant increase at the 7th days, when compared with control normal group and showing a non significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and serum total bilirubin concentration when compared with control normal group.On other side experimentally infected rats with Staphylococcus aureus showed a non-significant decrease in serum total protein concentration and serum albumin concentration when compared with control normal group. Staphylococcal infected rats exhibited a non-significant decrease in serum creatine kinase when compared with control normal group.Post treatment of experimentally infected rats by Staphylococcus aureus with moxifloxacin orally once daily for 5 succeccive days at dose of 26.4mg / k.g. of b.wt of rat exhibited a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase , serum aspartate aminotransferase ,alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin concentration and serum total protein when compared with staph. infected none treated group .While the other side of the coin showing a non significant increase in serum albumin when compared with staph. infected none treated group.7.2. Effect on kidney function:Oral administration of moxifloxacin which dissolved into sodium chloride at a concentration of 400 mg/ 250 ml once daily for five succeccive days at dose of moxifloxacin orally oncee daily for 5 days at dose of 26.4mg / b.wt of rat and its effect on serum creatinine, urea and creatinine kinase in rats showed a significant increase in kidney function tests .Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a significant decrease in serum urea concentration when compared with control normal. On theother hand staphylococcal infected rats showing a significant increase in serum creatinine concentration when compared with control normal group.7.3. Effect on lipid profile:Oral administration of moxifloxacin at (26.4mg / k.g. of b.wt of rat body weight daily for ) showed asignificant increase on serum cholesterol , triglycerides and total lipids.Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a non-significant decrease in serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentration at the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a significant increase in serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides concentration after the 1st, 7th, and 14th days, when compared with staph. infected none treated group.Administration of moxifloxacin to normal group of male rats exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control7.4. Effect on glucose profile:Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a non-significant decrease in serum glucose concentration at the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Administration of moxifloxacin to normal group of male rats exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group. Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose concentration after the 1st, 7th, and 14th days, when compared with staph. infected none treated group. 7.5. Hematological effects:Administration of moxifloxacin to normal group of male rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood Hb concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a non-significant decrease in blood Hb concentration at the 1st, 7th days, while exhibited a significant decrease after 14th days, when compared with control normal group. Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood hemoglobin level (Hb) concentration after the 1st, 7th, and 14th days, when compared with staph. infected none treated group. Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a non-significant decrease in blood Hb concentration at the 1st, 7th days, while exhibited a significant decrease after 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood Hb concentration after the 1st, 7th, and 14th days, when compared with staph. infected none treated group.Administration of moxifloxacin to normal group of male rats exhibited a non-significant decrease in blood RBCs concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group. Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a non-significant decrease in blood (red blood cells) RBCs concentration at the 1st, day, while exhibited a non-significant increase after 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a non-significant decrease in blood (red blood cells) RBCs concentration after the 1st, and 14th days, while exhibited a significant decrease after 7th day, when compared with staph. infected none treated group.Administration of moxifloxacin to normal group of male rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood (white blood cells )WBCs concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Infection of normal rats by staph. aureus exhibited a significant increase in blood (white blood cells ) WBCs concentration after the 1st, 7th and 14th days, when compared with control normal group.Administration of moxifloxacin to staph. infected group of male rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood (white blood cells )WBCs concentration after the 1st, 7th, 14th days, when compared with staph. infected none treated group. 7.6. Effect on histopatological findings:7.6.1 Histopathological findings of liver:-The liver of control rats showed normal appearance of hepatocytes arranged into cords radiating from the central vien and were separated by blood sinusoids .While liver of moxifloxacin treated rats showed after one day of treatment hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and pyknosis of their nuclei.Meanwhile after seven days of treatment with moxifloxacin showed congestion of portal blood vessels with severe degree of vaculation of hepatocyte. Moreover after fourteen day of treatment liver showed marked dilatation of central vein and hepatic blood sinusoids .While the liver of the infected rats with Staphylococcus aureus and not treated with moxifloxacin showed after one day from infection mild congestion and dilatation of the central vein and hepatic sinusoid and vaculation in cytoplasm of hepatocytes . Moreover the hepatocyte were also suffered from mild degenerative changes in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. Intravascular leukocytic infilteration were also detected . While after seven days from infection the liver of this rat suffered from severe degree of degenerative changes in the form of diffused hydropic degeneration in the hepatocyte with severe dilatation of central vein with activation of von kupffer cell.. Moreover mild hyperplastic proliferation of epithelium lining the bile duct with few periductal leukocytic infilteration were also detected .Meanwhile after fourteen day of infection Mild degenerative changes were obsereved in the liver .While the liver of rats infected with with Staphylococcus aureus then treated with moxifloxacin . Liver after one day from infection and treatment showing no pathological alteration . But after seven days from infection and treatment liver showing congestion of central vein and hepatic sinusoid. As well as the hepatocytes were suffered from mild degenerative changes which manifested by minute vacuoles in the hepatocyte .In some examined sections of the liver of these rat after fourteen day from treatment of infected rats followed by treatment with moxifloxacin showing several thickening and hyalization of the portal blood vessels .The kidneys of control group showing normal histological structure including normal glomeruli and renal tubules which represented by proximal, distal renal tubules.The kidney of treated rats with moxifloxacin (group 2 )showed after one day from treatment mild degenerative changes both in glomerular tuft and renal tubules which represented bymild desquamation of their epithelial cells. Meanwhile after seven days from treatment kidney showing after seven days from severe degenerative changes should be seen as the glomeruli and renal tubules were seen suffering from necrotic changes in the form of pyknotic nuclei and more eosinophilic cytoplasm . .Meanwhile after fourteen day from treatment kidney showed cystic dilatation of some of the affected renal tubules. While the kidney of the infected rats with Staphylococcus aureus and non treated with moxifloxacin after one day from staphylococcal infection (at conc of 107 cfu (colony forming units)) .Microscpical examination of kidneys showing congestion of the renal blood vessels and intertubular blood capillaries.The glomeruli and renal tubules after one day of infection showing mild degenerative changes. Moreover after one day from staphylococcal infection the kidneys showing severe degree of degeneration including hypercellularity of the glomerular tuft with severe vacuolation of the endothelial of glomerular tuft and presence of eosinophilic debris in the Bowman’s space . More over after seven days from infection the glomeruli showing segmentation and disintegration with sloughing of the glomerular tuft which represented by remaining of the tuft in addition to intertubular hemorrhage.After fourteen day from staphylococcal infection the kidneys showing mild degeneration of renal tubules which represented by mild desqumation of epithelial cells lining epithelium of the renal tubules .Moreover formation of hyaline cast were also detected in the lumen of renal tubules.Rats infected with staphylococcal aureus then treated with moxifloxacin . Kidney of rat infected with staphylococcus aureus then treated with moxifloxacin after one day showing mild congestion in the intertubular blood capillaries as well as mild vacuolation of endothelial cells lining glomeruli.More over the renal tubules showing normal histological structure with mild degeneration of the glomerular tuft. After seven days from infection of staphylococcus aureus and treatment with moxifloxacin .The kidneys showing mild degeneration changes both in glomeruli and renal tubules but after fourteen day from infection and treatment no pathological changes were been detected.