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العنوان
Effect of Secondary Level of Burn Injuries on Body Image and Self Esteem of Adolescents /
المؤلف
Atia, Shimaa Maher Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / شيمـــــاء مــــــاهر محمــــــد عطيـــة
مشرف / صـــافي صــلاح الــدين الرافعي
مشرف / سلــمي السـيـــــد حــســـن
مشرف / مديحــــة أمـــــين مرســى
تاريخ النشر
2019.
عدد الصفحات
180p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
طب الأطفال
تاريخ الإجازة
2/9/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الطب - قسم تمريض الأطفال
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

from 180

from 180

Abstract

Summary
Burns are defined as a disorder either in one or all cells layers forming as skin. The disorder was provoked by close contact with hot liquids causing scalds or with hot solid objects causing contact burns or with flame and open fire (American Burn Association, 2017).
Burns are the second most common injury in families of low socioeconomic status, accounting for 5% of disabilities. In Egypt, Bangladesh, Colombia and Pakistan, 17% of adolescent with burns have a temporary disability and 18% have a permanent disability. Additionally, in 2008 over 410,000 burn injuries occurred in the United States of America, with approximately 40,000 requiring hospitalization (World Health Organization, 2018).
Significance of the Study:
Childhood burn injuries in Egypt are a significant problem especially during adolescent hood. Hence, burn victim increasingly focuses on the changes of body image one of the main problems of burned adolescent is disfigurement of body appearance and body dissatisfaction related to loss of normal tissue and its replacement with scar tissue which this truth is associated with low of self–esteem. Therefore, this study intended to describe the effect of secondary level of burned adolescents on their body image and self–esteem.
Aim of the study:
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of secondary level of burn injuries on body image and self–esteem of adolescents.
Research Question:
What is the effect of secondary level of burn injuries on body image and self–esteem of adolescents?
Subjects & Methods:
II. Technical Design:
Research Design:
A descriptive analytical design was utilized for conducting this study.
Research Settings:
The study was conducted at the Burn Unit for both of El–Demerdash Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University and Al–Ahrar Zagazig General Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health.
Research Subjects:
A purposive sample composed of 120 adolescents according to sample size formula
who attained the previously mentioned settings were recruited regardless their gender, educational level, residence and job, 75 adolescents from El–Demerdash Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University and 45 adolescents from Al–Ahrar Zagazig General Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health. The studied adolescents were taken according to the following inclusion criteria:
• Age between (12:18) years old.
• Adolescents with first attack of burn injury.
• Adolescents with secondary level of burn.
• Adolescents are free from any acute or chronic physical or mental diseases.
Tools of Data Collection:
Three tools were used for data collection:-
Tool I: A structured Interview Questionnaire Format:
It was developed by the investigator based on review of recent and related literature and reviewed by supervisors. It included two parts as following:
Part (1): It concerned with characteristics of adolescents such as: Age, gender, educational level, residence and job.
Part (2): This part concerned with history and characteristics of burn such as: Mechanism, causes, duration, site, visibility, ratio, sensation, complications (infected burn wound, signs of infection, disability), graft characteristics (graft operation, site of graft, times of grafts), degree of wound healing, length of hospitalization and self–care of daily living activities (eating habits, clothing, walking, bathing, prayer, sleeping).
Tool II: Body Image Scale:
It was adopted from Dion, Berscheid & Walster (1972) to assess body image of the studied adolescents with secondary level of burn, this scale consists of 12 statements, each statement scored from zero to two score for disagree (0 score), not sure (1 score), agree (2 score).
Scoring System:
Answers of adolescents were summed up and the total score was 24 scores, accordingly their total body image was categorized as follows:
• Low body image: score from (0 < 8).
• Moderate body image: score from (8 < 16).
• High body image: score from (16 < 24).
Tool III: Coopersmith Self–Esteem Inventory Scale (SEI):
It was adopted from Coopersmith (2002) to assess self–esteem of the studied adolescent with secondary level of burn, this scale consists of 24 statements, each statement scored from zero to one for not like me (0 score), like me (1 score).
Scoring System:
Answers of adolescents were summed up and the total score was 24 scores, accordingly their total self–esteem was categorized as follows:
• Low self–esteem: score from (0 < 8).
• Moderate self–esteem: score from (8 < 16).
• High self–esteem: score from (16 < 24).
II. Operational Design:
Pilot Study:
A pilot study was conducted on (10%) 12 adolescents of total sample size 120 adolescents’ to evaluate the research plan, clarity and applicability of the study tools. Over the period of two months, from the beginning of January 2018 up to the end of February 2018. No modifications of the tool were done. So that, adolescents who included in the pilot study was included in the study sample.
Field Work:
The actual fieldwork of the study was carried out from the beginning of March 2018 to the end of October 2018 (8 months) the investigator was available in the study settings 2 days/week Tuesdays and Wednesdays by rotation to collect data from 9 am to 2 pm. The adolescents were interviewed (for 45–60 minutes). The investigator started the interview by introducing herself to the adolescent, giving them clear and brief idea about the aim of the study and its expectation to each adolescent before starting the interview questionnaire. Then each adolescent with secondary level of burn injury was interviewed to answer the questions and to be assessed by two scales.
III. Administrative Design:
An official approval was obtained to carry out the study that, issued from the Dean of Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University to the Directors of El–Demerdash Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University and Al–Ahrar Zagazig General Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health.
Ethical Considerations:
Ethical approval was obtained from the Scientific Ethical Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University. In addition, written informed consent was obtained from adolescents prior to data collection. They had assured that anonymity and confidentiality would be guaranteed and the right to withdraw from the study any time. Ethics, values, culture and beliefs were respected.
IV. Statistical Design:
The collected data were organized, revised, stored, tabulated and analyzed using number and percentage distribution. Statistical analysis was done by computer using Statistical Package of Social System (SPSS) package version 20. Proper statistical tests were used to determine whether there was a significant statistical difference between variables of the study.
Results of the Study Summarized as the Following:
 More than half (53.4%, 59.2% & 55.8%) of the studied adolescents were in the age group 16–18 years, male and from rural areas respectively.
 Less than two thirds (63.3%) of the studied adolescents don’t work.
 Most (90%) of the studied adolescents exposed to accidental burn and more than half (54.2%) of them exposed to burn due to fire.
 More than two fifth (42.5%) of the studied adolescents suffered from burn at anterior right arm.
 More than three quarters (80%) of the studied adolescents had visible and invisible burn.
 More than three quarters (80.8%, 80.9% & 83.3%) of the studied adolescents had not infected burn wound, not any signs of infection and no disability due to burn.
 Majority (84.2%) of the studied adolescents had not done graft operation and more than half (57.9%) of them had graft at thigh and feet. Additionally, most (94.7%) of the studied adolescents had one graft and less than three quarters (73.3%) of them had improved wound healing.
 Less than half (45.8%) of the studied adolescents had ability to walk alone.
 More than two thirds (69%) of the studied adolescents had moderate body image.
 Majority (88%) of the studied adolescents had moderate self–esteem.
 There was a positive correlation (r=0.532) between total body image of the studied adolescents and their total self–esteem.
 There was a negative correlation (r=0.396) between total burn ratio of the studied adolescents and their total body image.
 There was a negative correlation (r=0.314) between total burn ratio of the studied adolescents and their total self–esteem.