الفهرس 
Obesity OverviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century; it is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as DM type 2, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart diseases, many psychosocial and social problems.
The worldwide pandemic of childhood obesity has renewed interest in the relationship between body composition in childhood and the timing and tempo of puberty.
Current study aimed to assess testicular function by measuring serum total and free testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B and assess testicular volume by ultrasonography in obese adolescent males comparing them with normal age matched lean males and study relation of testicular function with the anthropometric measurements.
The study carried out in the Obesity Clinic of the Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University and ”Management of Visceral Obesity and Growth Disturbances Unit” at the ”Medical Research Excellence Center (MERC)”, National Research Centre in collaboration with Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies. It included sixty adolescent boys with exogenous obesity (BMI ≥ 95 percentile) their age ranged from 12 to 18 years with Tanner stage from 2 to 5 along with twenty age matched lean boys (BMI=15 _ < 85 percentile) as a control group.
All children included in the study were subjected to the following:
History
- Birth weight - Onset and duration of obesity
- History of early or delayed puberty in the mother or father or any of his siblings.
- Family history of any chronic disease as diabetes
- History of playing sports
- History for the risk factors, morbidities and co-morbidities of obesity like diabetes, hypertension.
- Symptoms suggestive of secondary diabetes mellitus like polyuria, polydipsia and loss of weight of the child.
- Symptoms suggestive of hypertension like headache, epistaxis
Clinical examination
- Complete clinical examination to exclude any chronic disease.
- Measurement of blood pleasure
- Anthropometric measurement (weight, height Z score, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist/ hip, and BMI Z score), were calculated using standardized equipment’s.
- Pubertal stage assessment and testicular volume estimation was performed using a Prader orchidometer and testicular ultrasound. The pubertal stage was determined according to Marshall and Tanner 1970.
- Laboratory testing of Serum LH, and FSH, free, total testosterone estradiol, inhibin B and Lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol).
Results of the present study showed the following:
Obese boys had higher blood pressure than control group they also had dyslipidemia with 71.6% of obese boys had cholesterol between 200- 400 nmol/L with significant negative correlation between cholesterol and free testosterone also, serum testosterone and inhibin B were significantly lower in obese boys than the lean boys while serum estradiol was significantly higher in obese boys than lean boys with no significant difference between obese and lean boys as regard their testicular size.