الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pulpotomy is the most widely used treatment for cariously involved primary teeth. It is based on the rationale that the remaining radicular tissues are capable of healing or regeneration after amputation of the affected or infected coronal pulp. Although, formocresol pulpotomy is the most used technique for the treatment of deep carious and exposed vital primary teeth, its use is still questionable. The need for an alternative more biologically acceptable medicament that can successfully replace formocresol thus becomes obvious. A lot of trials have been attempted, some failed and others were promising. Over the last decade herbal medicines became a popular form of therapy throughout the world. Many herbal medicines and oil extracts from plants have been successfully used in treatment of various medical conditions. One of these herbal plants is Nigella sativa, it is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in countries of the Mediterranean Sea, Middle Europe and Western Asia. Nigella sativa have many pharmacological properties, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, histamine release inhibitor, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant; and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical, radiographic and histopathological signs after using of Nigella sativa and formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. The study was conducted on sixty primary molars in thirty children aged between four and eight years attending the Pediatric Dentistry Department Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Each child has one or two bilateral molars fulfilling the clinical and radiographic criteria for the research. Each child received both types of treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups of thirty molars each according to the pulp capping materials used. One group was treated with Nigella Sativa oil, while the other group was treated with FC. The molars were followed up and reevaluated clinically and radiographically after three, six, nine and twelve months. For histopathological assessment, twenty-six primary teeth that previously planned for serial extraction were selected according to the previous inclusion criteria. Two sound teeth were used to standardize normal pulp structure and tissue organization. Twenty –four primary teeth were divided into two groups, (twelve teeth for each group). Pulpotomy procedures were done as in clinical part. group I was treated with Nigella sativa oil while group II was treated with formocresol. Four teeth from each group were extracted at (two, four, and twelve week’s interval). All the extracted teeth were fixed in 10% formalin for about three days. The specimens were then decalcified in 10% formic acid. The specimens were then washed under running water, dehydrated in ascending grades of alcohol, and embedded in Paraffin blocks. Serial 4μm sections were cut with a microtome and deparaffinized sections were subjected to conventional H&E staining. The overall clinical and radiographic results of Nigella sativa oil and formocresol were (96.4%) and (92.8%) respectively after twelve months follow-up. The histopathological study revealed that Nigella sativa oil showed significantly better results in pulp inflammation, soft tissue organization and dentin bridge formation compared to formocresol group after three months. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that: Both Nigella sativa oil and formocresol revealed high clinical success rate when used as a pulp capping material in human primary teeth. On the other hands, Nigella sativa oil revealed high radiographic success rate at nine months follow up when compared with formocresol with no significant difference. At twelve months follow up revealed the same success rate as formocresol. Histologically, Nigella sativa oil showed less inflammation and more preservation of the odontoblastic layer with increased regenerative tendency than formocresol.