الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
The fetal arterial oxygen tension is approximately 20 mm Hg, equivalent to an oxygen saturation of 40%–60%. After clamping the umbilical cord, major physiological adjustments occur and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels finally rise within several minutes.
The fetus relies on the maternal circulation via placental exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore relies on sufficient maternal blood gas levels, blood supply of the uterus, placental transfer functional performance and fetal gas transportation.
The incidence of HIE/NE differs between research studies but has been reported from 0.9/1000 up to 3.8/1000 in developed nations. As HIE is considered a subgroup of neonatal encephalopathy, the incidence of HIE is usually lower. The global incidence of HIE is estimated to be around 8.5/1000 births.
Intrauterine hypoxia develops as the fetus gets poor oxygen supply. It could be due to various causes e.g prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarctions and maternal smoking. Intrauterine growth restriction could be the result of intra uterine hypoxia. Intrauterine hypoxia could lead to cellular damage within the fetal developing central nervous system.
All neonates are cyanotic immediately after delivery. Progressively within next few minutes of life oxygen saturation rises reaching target level in around 10 minutes. But the saturation range varies on the basis of amount of stress a neonate develops in the process of delivery.
Oxygen saturation is an indicator of the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen at the time of measuring. All neonates are cyanotic at birth; the arterial oxygen tension in the normal fetus is approximately 20 mmHg, equivalent to an oxygen saturation of 60%. During the first few minutes of life, oxygen saturation (saturation by pulse oximetry, SpO2) rises from intra partum levels of about 30–40%. Healthy neonates have relatively low oxygen saturation in the first few minutes of life. Blood oxygen concentration, measured by pulse oximetry, often is used to determine when neonatal resuscitation is needed.
In the current research SpO2 was statistically significantly higher among VD research group than among CS research group at different times (5 min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, p values =0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, consecutively). There was a statistically significant positive correlations between APGAR scores and SpO2 among the studied groups at minutes 5 & 10 (p values <0.001).