الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to make the best use of the
agricultural wastes along with the revolutionary nanotechnology to
formulate a safe, eco-friendly and potent larvicide against Cx. pipiens to
be used in the programs of disease-vectors control.
The nano-emulsions formulation containing C.auantifolia and C.
sinensis EOs, were successfully optimized by the high-energy method.
The small droplet size was found to be more effective in controlling
mosquito larvae compared with larger droplet sizes.
The findings of the present investigation revealed that
C.auantifolia and C. sinensis EOs have a larvicidal effect which is
concentration-dependent for the Cx. pipiens larvae. These could be used
as a green pesticide. EOs can kill mosquito larvae by causing biochemical
and histopathological alterations.
Larvae treated with the sublethal dose LC50 of nano-emulsions of
both C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis exhibited histopathological and
ultrastructural alteations represented in damge in the cuticle, muscles and
midgut of the treated larvae compared with the untreated larvae, and also
exhibited reduction in the protein levels in the treated samples.
Because the induction and inhibition of detoxification metabolic
system plays an important role in insect’s detoxification mechanism,
disrubtion of enzyme activities in treated larvae indicate that the used
larvicides may not be detoxified by these enzymes. And so, tested
larvicides which exhibited inhibitory effects on the AChE and GST
activities and increase in the ACP and ALP activities may be potential
agents for controlling C. pipiens, especially as a part of Integrated Pest
Management.The results of this study will contribute to a great reduction in the
application of synthetic insecticides, which in turn decrease the
environmental pollution. The results of the present study may encourage
further researches on using simple and inexpensive application methods
for controlling mosquitoes in their breeding sites.