الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
he Global Initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(GOLD), a project initiated by the National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the World Health
Organization (WHO), defines COPD as follows (GOLD, 2017):
a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by
persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and
associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in
the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases.
Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall
severity in individual patients.
Several studies have identified COPD as part of a
systemic inflammatory syndrome and reported on the
association of comorbidities like lung cancer, osteoporosis,
progression of atherosclerosis, and CKD.
One hundred and thirty subject were chosen from
outpatient pulmonology clinic of Ain Shams University
Hospitals and National Institute of Allergy and Chest Diseases,
Ministry of Health at the period from October, 2017 till
September, 2018 randomly and analysed. The age range from
40 to 60 years. The sex ratio 2:1 male to female.
Twenty-one subjects were excluded according to
exclusion criteria, 3 subjects died and 5 subjects lost during
follow up.
T
Summary
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The rest of subjects were 101 subjects, 80 subjects
chosen randomly using randomization of SPSS version 21 and
divided into four groups each group including 20 subjects
Sixty patients were COPD pts. in contrast with Twenty
normal controls.
The participants (cases) were recognized by a full
examination, history taking, measurement of pulmonary
functions by spirometry, analysis of renal functions urea,
creatinine and GFR.
All patients and control persons were subjected to:
A) History taking.
B) Complete physical examination.
c) Measurement of pulmonary functions by spirometry.
d) Kidney function tests (Urea, Creatinine)
e) Creatinine clearance by (Cockcroft-Gault Equation)
Statistical Analysis was done using the Statistical
Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 23, showed
that no statistically difference between the control and the study
groups regarding the age, but statistically was highly significant
difference between body weight and GFR in moderate group
but, no significant difference in all patients group.
Summary
99
Also, there was highly significant difference between
severity of FEV1 and GFR in all patients group and severe group
but, non-significant difference in mild and moderate groups.
While, there was no significant difference between GFR
and FEV1/FVC ratio in all patients group, there was highly
significant difference between Creatinine value and GFR in all
patients group and severe group but, no significant difference in
mild and moderate groups.
These study support the concept that chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) has an effect on Prevalence of
chronic kidney disease