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العنوان
Psychiatric Disorders in children of parents with Substance dependence disorder in comparison with children of parents without Substance dependence disorder /
المؤلف
Khalil, Kerolos Botros Fahim.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / كيرلس بطرس فهيم خليل
مشرف / طـارق أحمــد عكاشـــه
مشرف / نسرين محمد محسن إبراهيم
مشرف / ريـم الســيد هاشـــم
تاريخ النشر
2019.
عدد الصفحات
142 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
الطب النفسي والصحة العقلية
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الطب - الطب النفسي وطب المخ والأعصاب
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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from 142

Abstract

Background
Substance use disorder (SUD) has an essential feature which is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems Substance use disorder occur in a broad range of severity, from mild to severe, with severity based on a number of symptoms criteria endorsed (DSM-5,2013).
Opiate dependence is a severe form of drug dependence characterized by early onset, chronic course, and high rates of psychiatric co-morbidity. Thus, children of opiate addicts would be expected to be at risk for a variety of psychiatric disorders for which early diagnosis and treatment would be important.
Some studies reported that among children of substance use disorder parents, it was found that 54% of children admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit had pre-admission histories of parental substance abuse.
The published studies of psychiatric diagnosis by direct, structured interview in children of a mixed sample of opiate and cocaine addicts found rates of disorders higher than those of children in a community sample.
Children of addicted parents exhibit depression, anxiety and elevated rates of psychiatric and psycho-social disorder more frequently than do children from non-addicted families.
Families in which one or both parents use illicit drugs, particularly opiates and cocaine are much more likely to be living in poverty, and also, it’s associated with criminal activities and places the parents at risk for arrest and imprisonment. Moreover drug-abusing families have more problems in areas known to influence children’s adjustment, including poorer dyadic adjustment and higher levels of partner violence.
As compared to their peers, children of substance abusing parents (COSAPs) are at greater risk for a variety of problems, including internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety.
Compared to families in which neither parents were dependent on alcohol or illicit drugs, the offspring of parents with alcohol or other drug illicit dependence were at least three times more likely to experience externalizing disorders (i.e., ODD, ADHD)

Aim of the work
1- To illustrate the psychiatric illness of children and adolescent of substance dependent parents.
2- Association between psychiatric illness in children and severity of drug addiction in their parents.
3- Comparison between psychiatric illnesses in children of substance use parents and between children of non-substance use parents.
Subjects and Methods
Type of Study: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Sample size, setting, Population:
We recruited 25 children (group A) whose one parent diagnosed with substance use disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorder DSM-IV criteria, and was seeking medical advice in the inpatients and outpatient’s clinics for substance use disorders of Heliopolis psychiatric hospital.
And 25 children (group B) whose parents were normal according to general health questionnaire.
Inclusion Criteria of group A:
1- Children and offsprings aged 6: 18 years old, of diagnosed substance use disorder parent.
2- Substance use parent age range 20- 60 years old.
Exclusion Criteria of group A:
1- Comorbid psychiatric condition diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. (SCID I) in parents.
2- Organic disorder leading to neuropsychiatric manifestation.
Inclusion criteria of group B: Control group from children of matched sample of parents who were mentally free from any psychiatric illness.
Tools used:
Substance dependence Parents were subjected to:
A) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. (SCID I) scale: to exclude other psychiatric disorders.
B) Addiction severity index ASI scale: to assess the treatment problems found in individuals with SUDs.
Parents in the control group were subjected to:
A) General health questionnaire: before being eligible then enrolled in the study.
Children in both groups were subjected to:
A) MINI KID scale: to assess any psychiatric diagnosis in children.
Results
Regarding social-demographic data of children in both groups:
The age of children in group A range from 6-18 years with mean (10.52+/-3.4) while in group B range from 6-17 with mean age (12.12+/-1.4), with similar gender differences between both groups as the number of males (17), (18) in group A and B receptively.
Regarding the educational level the majority of group A children (68%) were in primary schools while in group B (44 %) were in primary schools children.
Regarding diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in children in both groups:

There is a significant difference between the two groups. group A showed more diagnosis with percentage 80 % while group B only 36 %.
In the Comparison between children in group A and group B regards MINI KID scale in diagnosis showed significant difference in the following disorders; as group A showed major depressive disorder, dysthymia, panic disorder (in whole life), agoraphobia and separation anxiety disorder. Hence, the substance abuse parent has detrimental effect on their children well-being.
Regarding Type of substance in parents in group A:
Most of parents (68 %) were dependent on poly substance, 20% were dependent on tramadol and only 4 % were dependent on heroin.
In relation between the type of substance abused by the parents and the diagnosed psychiatric disorders in their children, no significant relationship was found. Yet, 70 % of parents whose children met criteria of at least one disorder in MINI KID scale, in group A, were abusing poly substance. And 20 % of parents abusing Tramadol, their children met criteria of at least one disorder in MINI KID scale.
Regarding Addiction severity in parents of group A, according to ASI:
We found that regarding the medical aspect, most of parents (60 %) had mild degree of severity. Turning to the, employment aspect, the majority of parents (64 %) had moderate degree of severity. Looking to the alcohol and drug aspect, 72 % of parents had moderate degree of severity. Their drug problem affecting their family aspect, in moderate number of parents (56 %) by severe degree. And causing psychiatric problems, in (72%) of the parents with mild degree of severity. Fortunately, most of parents (72 %) have no legal problems.
Regarding relation between Addiction severity and result of MINI-KID scale in group A showed that only the employment aspect of addiction severity index, was significant. Denoting that the unemployment of the substance abuse parent is contributing to their children psychiatric illness. While in family aspect of addiction severity, despite 60 % of children who met criteria for having disorder, their parent showed “severe” degree of severity in their family aspect in ASI, no significance was found.
Regarding relation between Addiction severity and some significant diagnosed psychiatric disorders by the MINI KID scale in group A, which were major depressive disorder, dysthymia, panic disorder (in whole life) and separation anxiety disorder. Unfortunately, we failed to find any significant relation with these disorders.
Conclusion
Our study found that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children increases when their parents had SUD. Also we found that the variation of the severity of parent addiction doesn’t always affect the risk to have psychiatric disorders in their children.