الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
1. Population dynamics of oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., during its activity periods of the day in the experimental apiary.
The current experiment was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University’s apiary, Shoubra El–Kheima, Qualubia governorate, during the oriental hornet activity season extended from first of September until end December 2015, to estimate the daily numbers of the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., as well as its population dynamics during its activity in the experimental apiary. The daily numbers were estimated at three daily periods, the morning period (9 am – 12 pm), the noon (12 pm – 3 pm) and the last one (the evening period) (from 3 pm until 9 am of next day), where the hornet traps were used to captured hornet during these periods. The data indicated that:
1) The total numbers of hornet captured by the hornet traps in September month was 204, 394 and 114 hornet with averages 7.56, 14.59 and 4.22 hornet/trap during the morning, noon and evening periods, respectively. The numbers of captured hornet in October during the morning period (9 am – 12 pm) was 548 hornet with average 20.30 hornet/trap, meanwhile, during the noon period (12 pm – 3 pm) was 895 hornet with average 33.15 hornet/trap and in the last period (from 3 pm to 9 am of the next day) the number was 338 hornet with average 12.52 hornet/trap. In November, the numbers of captured hornet during the three daily periods (morning, noon and evening) were 289, 492 and 185 hornet with averages 12.04, 20.50 and 7.71 hornet/trap, respectively. In December the numbers of captured hornet were 24, 53 and 12 hornet with averages 0.89, 1.96 and 0.44 hornet/trap during three daily periods (morning, noon and evening), respectively.
2) The total numbers and their averages of captured hornet during the noon periods (12 pm – 3 pm) of the four months were significantly high, followed by the morning periods (9 am – 12 pm), meanwhile,
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Dina Sabry Esmail Ahmed (2019), M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
the evening periods (from 3 pm until 9 am of the next day) came the last in order, where the total numbers of captured hornet in the traps were 1834, 1065 and 649 hornet with averages 17.47, 10.14 and 6.18 hornet/trap during aforementioned periods, respectively. Significant differences were found between three inspection periods.
2. Field study for survey the numbers of oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., in the experimental apiaries during 2016 and 2017.
This experiment was carried out during two successive years, 2016 and 2017 to estimate the numbers of oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L. in the study area. The results found that, the numbers of oriental hornet captured by the traps in the experimental apiary were very high during October followed by November and September in the two successive years, 2016 and 2017. These numbers were 8007, 3449 and 3109 hornet with daily averages 88.97, 38.32 and 34.54 hornet/trap/day during October, November and September, 2016, respectively, and the numbers were 5500, 3199 and 2278 hornet with daily averages 61.11, 35.54 and 25.31 hornet/trap/day during October, November and September, 2017, respectively. Significant differences were found between three inspection months during both years. The data also indicated that, the numbers of hornet were significantly decreased until disappeared through the period from December to February of the next year. Significant differences were found between all inspection months of both years.
3. Evaluation of two types of hornet traps for capturing the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., during different seasons of its activity.
The current experiment was carried out during hornet activity seasons from first of August until end of November through 2016 and 2017 seasons to evaluate the two aforementioned traps in capturing oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., and thus to reduce their numbers and their damage in the apiaries. The results showed that, the total numbers of hornet captured by the trap (Type II) during the all inspection months
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Dina Sabry Esmail Ahmed (2019), M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
were 11565 and 8492 hornet with daily averages 32.13 and 23.59 hornet/trap/day, during 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. The data summarized that, the trap (Type II) significantly surpassed on trap (Type I) in captured oriental hornet during the three inspection months.
4. Estimation honeybee colonies losses by oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., in experimental apiaries.
The number of honeybee colonies in aforementioned experimental apiaries was recorded at the beginning of the study from September until the end of December in 2016 and 2017 seasons and the number of honeybee colonies missed in two study areas by hornet was estimated.
The total number of missed honeybee colonies according to the total number of honeybee colonies at the beginning of the experiment in September, 2016 season by oriental hornet attack of was 14 honeybee colonies with percentage 21.54 %, meanwhile, these numbers in 2017 season were 10 honeybee colonies with percentage of 18.87 %. As compared with the normal number of missed honeybee colonies in treated honeybee apiary by hornet traps were two and one honeybee colonies with percentage 3.33 % and 2 % in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. These lost colonies were in December month that mean, these losses in bee colonies may be due to the wintering honeybee colonies during the two successive seasons.
5. Laboratory assay of some insecticide toxicities on oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L.
For evaluating some insecticides on oriental hornet, hornet’s workers were collected and transferred to the laboratory for bioassay test. Three insecticides with three different rates were evaluated for this study as follows:
- Indoxacarb (Flax 15 % SC.) with rates (12.5, 25 and 50 ml/L) were applied on caged hornet’s workers by feeding method, different rates were mixed with grounded fish as bait.
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Dina Sabry Esmail Ahmed (2019), M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
- Dinotefuran (Oshin 20 % SG.) with rates (62.50, 125 and 250 gm/100L) were applied on hornet’s workers by spraying method.
- Thiamethoxam (Lex 25 % WG.) with rates (10 , 20 and 40 gm/100L) were applied on hornet’s workers by spraying method.
The results of the bioassay of the tested insecticides showed that, the Lt50 decreased by increasing the rates of tested insecticides used. For Indoxacarb the Lt50 was 267.60, 195.15 and 76.53 min of treatment with the rates 12.5, 25 and 50 ml/L, respectively. For Dinotefuran it was 57.26, 29.65 and 12.88 min of treatment with the rates 62.5, 125 and 250 gm/100L, respectively. Meanwhile, the Lt50 of Thiamethoxam it was 5.86, 2.74 and 1.03 min of treatment with the rates 10, 20 and 40 gm/100L, respectively. The insecticides bioassay summarized that, the Thiamethoxam insecticide was the most toxic to tested hornets than Indoxacarb and Dinotefuran insecticides.
6. Evaluating the efficacy of the tested insecticides on oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., in the experimental apiaries.
An experiment was carried out on some honeybee apiaries at Qualubia governorate to evaluate the efficacy of three insecticides with three rates against the oriental hornet during their activity season in the apiary (September and October).
Indoxacarb (Flax 15 % SC) was mixed separately with grounded fish as bait for hornet and the bait was placed for three days in the tested apiary. Dinotefuran (Oshin 20 % SG.) was applied by spraying 100 captured hornet separately for each tested rates and then released them again before the sunset to return to their nests loaded with insecticide spray. Thiamethoxam (Lex 25 % WG.) was applied by the same method in Dinotefuran (Oshin 20 % SG.), where 100 captured hornet were sprayed separately for each tested rates and then released them again before the sunset to return to their nests loaded with insecticide spray.
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Dina Sabry Esmail Ahmed (2019), M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
In case Indoxacarb (Flax 15 % SC) with rate 12.5 ml/L, the total numbers of captured hornet during inspection period were 951 and 830 hornet with averages 79.25 and 69.17 hornet/trap for treated and untreated apiary, respectively. For the rate 25 ml/L, the total numbers of captured hornet during the inspection period were 1466 and 1415 hornet with averages 122.17 and 117.92 hornet/trap for treated and untreated apiary, respectively. For rate 50 ml/L, the total numbers of captured hornet were 2417 and 2533 hornet with averages 201.42 and 211.08 hornet/trap for treated and untreated apiary, respectively. There were no significant differences between all tested apiaries.
For Dinotefuran (Oshin 20 % SG.) the efficiency of insecticide against the hornet was increased by increasing the insecticide rates. For the rate 62.5 gm/100L, the total numbers of captured hornet during the inspection period extended from September 30th until October 31st, 2018 were 1664 and 1618 hornet with averages 138.67 and 134.83 hornet/trap for treated and untreated apiary, respectively. Without significant difference between them. For Dinotefuran with rate 125 gm/100L, the numbers of captured hornet in the traps significantly decreased in treated apiary 111 hornet with average 9.25 hornet/trap as compared with untreated apiary 2485 hornet with average 207.08 hornet/trap. In case of the rate 125 gm/100L, the numbers of captured hornet in the traps significantly decreased to reach zero hornet after 14 day in treated apiary, significant difference was found between treated and untreated apiaries.
In case of Thiamethoxam (Lex 25 % WG.), the data indicated that, the efficiency of insecticide significantly increased by increasing the rate, where no significant differences were found in numbers of captured hornet between treated apiary 1285 hornet with average 214.17 hornet/trap and untreated apiary 1178 hornet with average 196.33 hornet/trap for the rate 10 gm/100L. In case of the rate 20 gm/100L, significant differences were found between numbers of captured hornet, where the numbers were significantly decreased in treated apiary 549
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Dina Sabry Esmail Ahmed (2019), M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
hornet with average 91.50 hornet/trap as compared with untreated apiary 1621 hornet with average 270.17 hornet/trap. The same trend was obtained in case of rate 40 g/100L, where the numbers of captured hornet found in treated apiary were significantly lower than in untreated apiary were 277 and 1765 hornet with averages 46.17 and 294.17 hornet/trap, for treated and untreated apiary, respectively.
Dinotefuran (Oshin 20 % SG.) with rate 125 gm/100L significantly reduce the hornets in the experimental apiaries as compared with the other tested insecticides.