الفهرس 
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Abstract
9. Summary
eriodontal disease is an inflammatory disease initiated by opportunistic bacteria residing in the oral cavity and causes the periodontal breakdown. The aim of periodontal therapy is to involve both arresting the disease process and the regeneration of the lost tissues to the preexisting state.
Laser-supported periodontal treatment concept introduction to the field of periodontal therapy show fanciful evolution in the last decades. Er, Cr: YSGG innovation is regarded as a gateway for better periodontal therapy. Actions of Er, Cr: YSGG that are illustrated in the periodontal field to have effective calculus removal from root surface without thermal side effects at levels similar to those provided by ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments, bactericidal and detoxification effects in the periodontal field, as an alternative to chemical conditioning of the root surface for removal of smear layer, comfortable patient experience, biostimulatory and biomodulatory effects, and superior healing.
The aim of this study was to evaluate Microbiological and Clinical assessment of Er, Cr: YSGG laser in conjunction to open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The primary goal was a clinical assessment of some clinical parameters as PD, CAL gain, Recession, PI, GI, MSBI. The secondary goal was total bacterial load quantification through real-time PCR assay.
The present study involved Thirty-four patients of either gender having chronic periodontitis with intrabony defects. Patients were divided into two groups; group I was subjected to open Flap debridement (OFD) surgery combined by Er, Cr: YSGG Laser assisted pocket therapy (ELAPT) which will be applied to pocket epithelial lining and root surface. group II was subjected to OFD surgery only. Single full thickness mucoperiosteal flap following intrasulcular incision and then debridement was performed in OFD surgery in both groups. Group, I received a local application of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser.
The results showed that there is a therapeutic significance for both treatment strategies in patients with chronic periodontitis; however, ELAPT/OFD treatment strategy was superior to OFD in improving the clinical parameters and decreasing the B-DNA load with Sensitivity of 75% and 96% Specificity.