الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that constitutes a major public health problem throughout the world. Diabetes is classified mainly into type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease and usually involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes is determined primarily by life style and genes.
Several therapeutic strategies are currently available for the treatment of this chronic metabolic disease. The limitations associated with those therapeutic strategies have led to a determined search for more efficient cost-effective alternatives. Complementary and alternative medicine applications have attracted special attention in recent research for they offer new promising opportunities for the development of efficient, side effect-free, and lower cost alternatives to existing synthetic hypoglycemic agents.
Exosomes are extracellular nanoparticles secreted by cells and contained bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Exosomes involved in glucose metabolism in diabetes is attracting attentions. Previous study has found that adipose-derived exosomes could transfer miR-99b to hepatic cells to regulate the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and participate in glucose metabolism. Other studies suggested that exosomes carrying active.