الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Genetics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in cooperation with National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Natural Products Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.
The objectives of this investigation were to study the effect of some growth regulators on growth and survival of tomato explants, effect of gamma radiation doses, salinity and the combined effect between gamma irradiation and salinity on growth survival of tomato plantlets, and developed of molecular markers at DNA level.
The results could be summarized as follows:
1. For the best growth of the tomato plantlets were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP.
2. The survival and growth rate of irradiated tomato plantlets grew on MS medium with doses (50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 Gy) decreased with increasing gamma radiation dose.
3. The survival and growth rate of tomato plantlets grew on MS medium containing different levels of salinity (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) decreased with increasing salinity level.
4. The survival and growth rate of irradiated tomato plantlets with doses (100, 150 and 200 Gy) grew on MS medium containing different salinity levels (50 mM or 100 mM NaCl) were decreased, and the decreasing was more than half at the combined effect of 100 Gy and 50 mM NaCl where it was 36% and reached the minimum survival level of 10% at the combined effect 200 Gy and 100 mM NaCl. Salt-tolerant (50 and 100 mM NaCl) plants were obtained from irradiated plants at dose 100 Gy.
5. Ten SCoT primers applied with irradiated, salinity and the combined effect between gamma radiation and salinity to determine the alteration and genetic diversity.Total genomic DNA from irradiated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with different gamma radiation doses 50, 100, 150 and 200 Gy were used as templates for SCoT genetic diversity analysis. Ten SCoT primers amplified a total 114 amplicons with a range of 4 to 18 bands per primer. The highest numbers of bands (18) was generated by primer SCoT- 5, whereas the lowest number of bands (4) was generated by primer SCoT- 4.The polymorphism varied from 20 % to 90 % with an average polymorphism of 66.1%. The primers SCoT-1, SCoT-3 and SCoT-5 produced 1 marker, primer SCoT-2 produced only two markers, primer SCoT-33 produced only five markers while primer SCoT-4, SCoT-12, SCoT-13, SCoT-16 and SCoT-20 did not produce any marker. This means that 10 markers were present as a total, seven of them were positive markers distinctive to the four doses of 50, 100,150 and 200 GY, while being absent in control sample. Three bands were negative markers that were distinctive to non-irradiated sample while they were absent in the irradiated samples.
7. Total genomic DNA from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grew on different NaCl concentration 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl was used as templates for SCoT genetic diversity analysis. A total of 120 amplicons bands were detected using ten SCoT primers, of which 75 were polymorphic. The highest numbers of bands (19) was generated by primer SCoT- 5, whereas the lowest number of bands (5) was generated by primer SCoT- 4.The polymorphism varied from 10 % to 92.8 % .The primers SCoT-1and SCoT-2 produced 5 markers, primer SCoT-3, SCoT-13 and SCoT-16 produced only two markers, primer SCoT-5 produced only three markers , primer SCoT-12 and SCoT-20 produced only one marker, while primer SCoT-4 and SCoT-33 did not produce any marker This means that 21 markers were present as a total, five of them were positive markers distinctive to the four NaCl of 50mM, 100mM,150mM and 200mM, while being absent in control sample. Sixteen bands were negative markers that were distinctive to control sample while they were absent in 50mM, 100mM,150mM and 200mM NaCl concentration samples.
8. Total genomic DNA from irradiated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with doses 100, 150 and 200 Gy and grew on 50 and 100 mM NaCl was used as templates for SCoT genetic diversity analysis. A total of 115 amplified bands were detected using ten SCoT primers, of which 33 were polymorphic. The highest numbers of bands (15) was generated by primer SCoT- 12, whereas the lowest number of bands (6) was generated by primer SCoT- 4 and SCoT- 20. The polymorphism varied from 0 % to 53.8 %. The primer SCoT-12 produced only three markers, while primer SCoT-1, SCoT-2, SCoT-4, SCoT-5, SCoT-13, SCoT-16 and SCoT-33 did not produce any marker. This means that 5 markers were present as a total, no of them were positive markers distinctive to the six irradiated grew under salt stress of 100 Gy &50 mM, 150Gy &50 mM, 200Gy &50 mM, 100Gy &100 mM, 150 Gy &100mM and 200 Gy &100 mM, while being absent in control sample. Five bands were negative markers that were distinctive to control sample while they were absent 100 Gy &50 mM, 150 Gy & 50 mM, 200 Gy &5 0mM, 100 Gy &100 mM, 150 Gy & 100 mM and 200Gy &100 mM.