Search In this Thesis
   Search In this Thesis  
العنوان
BIOLOGICAL STUDY IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
FASCIOLIASIS, AND THEIR INTERMEDIATE HOST
(LYMNAEA SP.), AND FINAL HOST RABBITS
IN THE EGYPTIAN ENVIRONMENT /
المؤلف
ABDO, MOHAMED SAEID MOHAMED.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / MOHAMED SAEID MOHAMED ABDO
مشرف / Ahmed Galal Elsayed Gad
مشرف / Mahmoud Youssef Mahrous
مناقش / Hassan Hassan Younis
تاريخ النشر
2019.
عدد الصفحات
148 P. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
الزراعية والعلوم البيولوجية (المتنوعة)
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاراضى القاحلة
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

from 148

from 148

Abstract

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The present work shows Egg masses of L. natalensis snails were collected from the breeding aquaria maintained in Medical Malacology Laboratory, then kept for hatching in clean dechlorinated water ( 25±1°C ). Newly hatched snails were used for evaluating the snails survival rate at different water temperatures and pH values.
Water temperature
Survival rate
The present results indicated that L. natalensis snails survived at water temperature 15, 20, 25 & 30 °C and the result as followed survival rate 100% for 20°C, 86.7% survival rate for 15°C, 20% & 6.7% survival rate for 25 & 30°C respectively.
Growth
20 Lymnaea natalensis were used in each treatment, the rate of egg hatching ranged between 81.9 % and 100 % at all constant temperature. The incubation period showed inverse relationship with temperature. Hatching period was longest at the ambient temperature, due to its fluctuation that ranged from 15 days at 20°C and 25 days at 22.5°C (mean ambient).
Water pH
The snail`s exposed for various pH degree 5,7,9 that measured survival (%) of L. natalensis snails at different pH values, the results as followed (100% of survival rate pH 7, 0% survival rate for pH 5, 7% of survival rate when week 9 but, 0% 10 week`s for pH 9.
Hatchability (%) and longevity of F. gigantica miracidia under different water temperatures (after ova maturation)
Fasciola gigantica eggs and development of miracidia
The eggs are large yellowish and operculated with thin shell.
Each egg contains immature embryo surrounded by a group of oval body yolk cells. It has a distinct, inner concaved operculum and an umbilicus-like invagination at the posterior end of the shell. Under different water of temperatures (15, 20, 25 & 30 °C), maturation of F. gigantica embryos within the eggs was completed within a period of 13–16 days at 20-25°C.
Hatchability
It was seen that generally, miracidia hatched well at 25°C in comparison with 15, 20 and 30°C. thus, after 1 day of ova maturation of miracidia were hatched at 25°C compared to 4% ,18% and 47% at 15, 20 and 30°C, respectively.
The infection of L.natalensis snails with F. gigantica miracidia
Effect of water temperature
In the present experiment, L. natalensis snails were exposed to F. gigantica miracidia and maintained at 15°C and 22°C. Thereafter, at the 1st shedding (30 days post miracidial exposure), the snail`s survival rate was significantly higher at 22°C than that at 15°C (99% and 72%, respectively). Similarly, infection rate of snails with F. gigantica was higher at 22°C than that at 15°C (recording 91.9% and 76.4%, respectively, p<0.001).
Impact of water Volume on snails’ infection
Three groups of L. natalensis snails, each of 100 snails, were exposed to F. gigantica miracidia in mass (5 miracidia / snail). The 1st group was expossed in 500 ml, the 2nd in 1L and the 3rd in 2 litres of dechlorinated water. Thay were maintained under ambient water temperature (18 : 20°C), then examined for cercarial shedding 30 days post miracidial exposure.
The present work shows the effects of infection by Fasciola gigantica on Black Baladi and V-Line rabbits for 8 and 12 weeks from infection.
Infection of rabbits orally by a dose of (10 and 20 metacercariae/ rabbit), was done. Then after 6 weeks blood sample counts of infected rabbits was detected impact of Fasciola gigantica on rabbits.
The impact of infection on productive performance of rabbits
Body weight and body weight gain
Study indicated that body weight and body weight gain of individuals showed highly significance (p<.0001) differences of twelve week from initial body weight and weight gain for all treated groups compared to control groups for both strains.
Feed Consumption and Feed Conversion Ratio
This study showed feed consumption decreased levels in this experiment a sgnificantly were (p<.0001) between BB and VL overall as followed (11.7810MC, 10.2520MC for ”BB”& 11.6410MC, 10.7520MC for ”VL”).
Body organs
Liver
Evaluation of hepatic damage in experimental fascio¬losis has traditionally been assessed by visual inspection. The results showed bile duct were have a worms so liver a statistically significant increase in weight was found in the two strain infected groups compared to the negative control group (p <.0001).
Kidney
Kidny weight recorded highly significant difference between traits (p<.0001), data showed dissimilarity for control group and 10, 20 MC the overall followed as (5.39Cont., 6.1210MC, 6.7920MC), Baladi Black groups more impact than V-Line groups about strain significantly (p<0.03) the overall stated (6.23 for ”BB” - 5.97 for ”VL”), and the sex prove high significant (p<0.02) were clear in table ( 13 ) for male which high significant than female of both strain overall (6.24♂ for ”BB,VL” & 5.96♀ for ”BB,VL”). The interaction had non-significant (p>0.05) between ”strain vs treats” and ”strain vs sex” also ”sex vs treats” & ”strain vs treats vs sex” hadn`t any difference.
Heart
Heart is an important organ and any change up normal cause rapidly crisis in vitality and production performance, the data showed hemorrhage a highly significant treats (p<.0001) for infected groups with 10 & 20 MC compared control.
Carcass
Carcass% its eatable part so the importance epitomized in the quality meet and body weight of the carcass so that the infected groups were giving up normal measurements non edible. In this experiment the control groups recorded highly significant (p<.0001) against treated groups with 10, 20 MC for overall weight %, the strain.
Blood parameters
Total protein
In this study protein level increased over the normal range in acute and chronic cases compared to control groups is caused by Fasciola disease because the rabbits were fed pellet diet 18% protein; consequently, serum protein levels increased with rabbit that showing emaciation, weak of vitality and activity and loss of body weight.
Albumen
Sex have high impact for female groups highly significant more than significant male groups for overall (p<0.01; 3.13a♀ & 3.02b♂).
Alkaline phosphatase
Serum enzymes activities of alkaline phosphatase of V-Line and Black Baladi rabbits during infection of Fasciola gigantica were up normal with high and low dose compared control.
Serum Bilirubin
Reported that the secretion of bile pigments due to progressive cirrhosis and blocking of the bile ducts by mature flukes in rabbits infected with F.hepatica led to the increase in serum bilirubin.
ALT and AST enzymes
Regarding to activities of enzymes AST, ALT in blood of rabbits infected with F. gigantica, the results showed significant between male and female infected with 10 MC groups and the other groups treated 20 MC had highly significant (p<.0001) compared control for overall.
Serum Urea
This study recorded that the increase in serum urea may be due to the failure of detoxification of ammonia and other nitrogenous substances by cirrhotic liver.
Serum Creatinine
Mean values of serum creatinine for treated groups overall exposed to 20 metacercariae were greater than that group’s which infected 10 metacercariae compared control.
Serum Glucose
Glucose level in blood of rabbit groups exposed to 10 metacercariae of F. gigantica were significant but the groups exposed to 20 metacercariae were lower non-significant compared control which have highly significant than treated groups (p<.0001).
Plasma Nitric Oxide
Plasma nitric oxide NO concentration was markedly increased in the contagious F. gigantica affected group (p<.0001) the infection activity was dramatically highly significant with traits groups of overall (47.49Cont., 54.0910MC, 62.4520MC) U/mg compared to the control values.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This disease causes profound economic losses, great expenses with anthelmintics, in addition to liver condemnation, production loss due to mortality, lower production of meat, milk and wool; reduced weight gain and impaired fertility.
Health education and orientation towards proper washing of salad vegetables before consumption and using either 6%vingar or potassium permangante for 5 to 10 mins.
Acidic is considered the more than alkaline effective on infected snails of fascioliasis.
So, we recommended to using the physiochemical resistance that has the acidic properties to stop the life cycle of the parasite and to reduce using chemical pesticides that have environment side effects.
Our study proved also that infection with Faciolasis gigantica has an effect on the productive performance and immune response of rabbits which infected with acute and chronic infection.
In endemic areas, all efforts should be directed towards control of this problem. Sound programmers for prevention and control should be planned.
Black Baladi rabbit have an immunity to resistance this disease more than V-Line, so we advice to breeding it in regions infected with this disease