الفهرس 
Recurrent miscarriageOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common occurrence, with approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies resulting in pregnancy failure. Spontaneous miscarriage is the termination of pregnancy before completion of the 20th gestational week. The term applies to both live and stillborn fetuses weighing 500 g or less. Recurrent (habitual) miscarriage is the spontaneous, consecutive loss of 3 or more nonviable pregnancies. The risk of first trimester miscarriage after one loss is 24%, after two losses 26%, and after three losses, 32%.
Many studies tried to predict the risk of spontaneous miscarriage by ultrasound findings and various biochemical markers in early pregnancy at different stages of the gestational age.
This study intended to predict the risk of spontaneous miscarriage in patients with recurrent miscarriage by using the first trimester ultrasonographic markers which are the mean gestational sac diameter (GSD), yolk sac diameter (YSD), crown–rump length (CRL), fetal heart rate (FHR), and the biochemical markers which are the serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and serum estradiol levels at the 6th week of gestational age.
A cohort study was conducted in Ain Shams university maternity hospital and the patients were picked up from the recurrent pregnancy loss clinic. This was done in collaboration with the ultrasound and fetal care unit, Ain shams university maternity hospital and Ain shams university maternity hospital Laboratory in Cairo.
The study group consisted of 30 pregnant women at the 6thweek of gestational age, with a history of recurrent miscarriage.
Patients enrolled in the study underwent complete clinical examination and detailed medical history was obtained. Transvaginal ultrasonographic examination was done and blood samples was drown to measure the β-hCG titer and estradiol at the 6th week of pregnancy.
The outcome of the study was the occurrence of miscarriage. The results showed that among 30 pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage, only 8 patients had spontaneous miscarriage and the other 22 patients continued their pregnancy beyond the 20th week.
The results were significant only for the yolk sac diameter as a good predictor for the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, but regarding the other parameters (GSD, CRL, FHR, β-hCG and estradiol) the results was not statistically significant difference so they cannot be used as predictors for the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.
Conclusion
The yolk sac diameter (YSD) can be used as a good predictor for the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, but none of the other parameters (GSD, CRL, FHR, β-hCG titer and E2) can be used as a predictor for the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.