الفهرس 
Cadmium, Lead and Their Effects on Human HealthOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A significant increase in the incidence of male osteoprosis has
been described, about 20 % of which have unknown etiology, it
may be attributable to environmental exposures. The aim of this
study is to determine the environmental exposure to cadmium as a
cause of male osteoprosis and to find out its effect on bone density.
The current study included 120 males with age ranging from
27-55 years, they were divided into:
GroupI: 80 male patients, subdivided into:
Subgroup Ia: smokers with osteoporosis (40 patients).
Subgroup Ib: Non-smokers with variable changes in bone
density
group II: 40 healthy males as controls.
Both groups were subjected to full history taking and
examination, laboratory investigations including kidney functions,
Serum Calcium , phosphorus & alkaline phosphatase, estimation
of cadmium levels in blood.
The results were statistically analyzed and we observed that
blood cadmium levels were higher in the Osteoporotic male smokers compared to the non smokers & controls and it was
positively correlated with Smoking index.
Osteoprosis was found to be significantly higher in the male
smokers compared to the controls, Calcium , phosphorus and ALP
showed statistically significant difference between patients and
controls. Cadmium had a significant inverse relationship with male
smoker bone density.
Neither the age nor the BMI had a significant correlation with
cadmium or DEXA results.
There is a statistically highly significant positive correlation
between serum urea & creatinine levels & osteoporosis , There is
also significant positive correlation with both & osteopenia .