الفهرس 
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
COPD is an ultimately underdiagnosed disorder, with the diagnosis typically missed or delayed until the condition is advanced. Spirometry is the most frequently used pulmonary function test, and aids health professionals to make an objective measurement of airflow obstruction and assess the degree of its reversibility (Soriano et al., 2009).
COPD is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and affects both men and women. Smoking is the main cause of COPD, and accounts for 80% to 90% of COPD-associated deaths (Torpy et al., 2010).
In Egypt, prevalence, morbidity and mortality are still lacking and have to be estimated; however, COPD is arising significant health problem in Egypt (Egyptian Society of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis (ESCT), 2003).
Aim of the work:
The aim of this work is to study COPD patients in Gamal Abdelnaser Hospital as regard demographic, clinical characteristic of the patients and available prescription pattern.
Subjects and methods:
This study included sixty COPD patients admitted to the hospital. Diagnosis of COPD was done according to Global Initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline, 2018.
All patients were subjected to:
1. Full medical history and examination.
2. Pre and post bronchodilator spirometric study according to (GOLD, 2018).
3. Chest X-Ray and CT chest (if possible) to exclude other Chest diseases.
4. Questionnaire to detect epidemiology, demographic, clinical characteristic of the patients and available prescription pattern.
Results:
Sixty patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of COPD, while 20 recruited patients were excluded, although, they were previously diagnosed as COPD patients in which 10 patients proven to have no airway obstruction (by spirometry), and 10 were bronchial asthma patients.
The mean age was 52.87 and 65.47 in improved and not improved respectively, and only 6.7% of studied COPD Patient s were females.
There were 17.8% of improved patients came from rural areas, while not improved they were 53.3%.
Most of improved patients were either educated or highly educated, whereas not improved were mainly not educated.
Nearly all COPD patients were either current or ex-smoker. Cigarette smoking was the most common type of smoking. Improved patients were mainly ex-smokers while not improved were current smokers.
Not improved patients started smoking at younger age than those were improved.
The most presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and chest wheezes almost present in all studied COPD patients.
Most of exacerbations of not improved patients were severe and those who were improved mainly moderate in the last year.
Functionally, the elevation of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF(25-75) was higher in improved patients(the improvement was less than 12% according to Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guideline)
IHD, diabetes mellitus, GERD, depression, anxiety were the most frequent comorbidities among studied COPD patients but patients with IHD and GERD were associated with bad prognosis.
Most of not improved patients were irregular on treatment while improved Patients were mainly regular on treatment.
Patients who took combined inhalational medications were associated with good prognosis.
Complications like respiratory failure and right sided heart failure were more common among not improved patients than improved patients.