الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a major infectious disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality and utilization of healthcare resources.
With an estimated 146 - 159 million new episodes per year in developing countries, pneumonia is estimated to cause approximately 4 million deaths among children worldwide.It is an important cause of neonatal infection especially in developing countries.
In these countries, the World Health Organization estimates that almost 800,000 neonatal deaths occur each year from acute respiratory infections mostly pneumonia.
Because pneumonia is common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, properly diagnosing pneumonia, correctly recognizing any complications or underlying conditions, and appropriately treating patients are important.
The present study was done to study the common pathogens, whether typical or atypical in community acquired pneumonia among egyption infants in order to evaluate the role of empirical antibiotic therapy for better patient outcome.
It was conducted on 30 infants with pneumonia recruited from Emergency Room at Ain Shams University Pediatric Hospital. They were 17 (56.7%) males and 13 (43.3%) females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1, their ages ranged between one and 12month with Mean±SD of 5.03 ± 3.25months.
All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical chest examination, and investigations including: Chest x-ray, complete blood count, CRP, sputum culture, blood culture and serological test (Pneumoslide IgM test).
The present study showed that most studied patients (60%) were males and most studied patients (70%) were from rural areas. All of the studied patients hadn’t attended day care. Fever (96.70%) , cough (90%) and rhinitis (90%) were the most frequent symptom followed by and cyanosis (33.3%).The main auscultatory findings was tachypnea in 100% and consonating crepetations in 96.70% of patients and diminished air entry in 83.30% of them.
Radiographic opacities were found in 100% of studied patients (76.70% was bronchopneumonia and 13.30 % was lobar pneumonia while the rest had interstitial pneumonia in 10% of patients).
The mean hemoglobin level of the studied patients was 11.6 gm/ dl and 23.30% of patients were anemic with Hb level below 10 gm/ dl. The mean TLC was 12 X 10³/ mm³, CRP titre was +ve in 83.30% of patients, lymphopenia in 36.7 % and neutrophilia in 20% of patients.
A definite pathogen was identified in (56.7%) of the studied patients, [(30%) from pneumoslide, (36.7%) from sputum culture].
Typical bacterial pathogens caused CAP in 26.7% of cases, atypical bacteria caused it in 20% of cases, and mixed (viral and bacterial) was found in 10% of patients.The most common organisms detected by Pneumoslide IgM test were Mycoplasma pneumonia, Para-infleunza and Adeno virus all in (6.7%) of patients. The most common organisms detected by sputum culture were Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Streptococcus pneumonia (6.7%). And, blood culture had given –ve results in all patients.