الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I
t is believed that nutrition nowadays is a corner stone in the human health care. It affects a patient’s general condition and as a result affects recovery from diseases. To reach the treatments’ goals, patient should have a daily adequate nutritional regimen. Also, nutritional supplements should be in mind.
Malnutrition, pro-inflammatory reactions, and weight loss occur at prevalence of 38% in cancer diseases. Nutritional depletion not only can adversely affect a surgical patient’s clinical condition, but it may also increase the risk of a poor postoperative outcome, thereby increasing healthcare costs for both patients and health insurance companies.
Colorectal cancer surgeries carry a high risk of postoperative complications due to altered host defense, homeostasis and inflammatory complications. Furthermore, surgical stress, full mechanical bowel preparation, increased metabolic rate, potential risk for the intraoperative bacterial contamination of peritoneal cavity and surgical wound are important factors increasing the risk of postoperative infectious complications. In addition, inadequate nutrition in these patients has an additive effect for these complications.
Cancer is a hyper inflammatory cytokine release pattern combined with an insufficient endogenous availability of glutamine due to increased consumption. Overall glutamine deprivation is associated with reduced protein synthesis, muscle loss and possibly physical as well as emotional fatigue. Consequently, glutamine is considered a “conditionally indispensable amino acid” in hyper metabolic and hyper catabolic situations.
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and constitutes 61% of the total pool of amino acids in the human muscle. It is a vital fuel source for the intestines and immune system that helps to keep defenses up against microbes. By nourishing these cells, it maintains the integrity of the gastro intestinal tract.
The body can make enough glutamine for its regular needs but during times of medical conditions, including injuries, surgery, infections, and prolonged stress, glutamine levels become lower. In these cases, taking a glutamine supplement may be helpful.
Recent studies suggested that, in addition to the nutritional support, supplementation of specific nutrients such as glutamine enhances gut mucosal growth, repair and function. It also decreases gut related sepsis and improves intestinal atrophies and intestinal injuries, so improves postoperative outcome.