الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fatty liver disease considers one of the main diseases distributed in the world where food and life style play an important role in getting the disease. from this point, treatment with foods rich in antioxidants is very important to attenuate the effect of free radicals in disease progression. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts (arils, peels, and seeds) are considered from the richest sources with antioxidant and have hypolipidemic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseased rats. For this purpose, this study was made to investigate the effect of antioxidants present in pomegranate extracts on attenuating and improving the biochemical and histopathological changes occurred in fatty liver induced by feeding methionine choline deficient diet in adult male rats.
This study was divided into two sections:
The first section consists of antioxidant analysis in pomegranate extracts (arils, peels, and seeds) and the results showed that pomegranate juice is rich with phenolic acids ferulic acid, gallic acid, and cinnamic acid while pomegranate peels extract was rich in phenolic acids gallic acid, cinnamic acid, and ferulic acid whereas pomegranate seeds extract was rich with phenolic acid gallic acid and rosmarinic acid and also it was rich in flavonoid catechin.
The second section consists of the biological study in which 100 healthy adult male rats weighing 190±10 g were divided into 2 groups in the first month each one had 50 rats. The first one was the healthy rats and fed on balanced diet according to AIN-93 as a control group. The second group was the diseased group and fed on methionine choline deficient diet. At the end of the first month 10 rats from each group were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analysis.
In the second month, the rats were subdivided into 8 groups each one contains 10 rats. The 8 groups were divided into 4 groups received basal diet and pomegranate extracts and 4 groups received methionine choline deficient diet plus pomegranate extracts. At the end of the second month, all rats were sacrificed for taking blood and liver samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis.
The study results appeared the following:
1- The biological study data confirmed the general effect of oral administration of pomegranate extracts on lipids. Fatty liver diseased rats were suffered from raised cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL-C while HDL-C was decreased as compared to the healthy group. Rats oral administered pomegranate extract had lowered cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and LDL-C whereas HDL-C was increased in healthy and pathogenic rats.
2- Also, the study confirmed the effect of pomegranate extracts on oxidative stress. Taking methionine choline deficient diet raised nitric oxide by 7.79% and 52.13% in the first and second months respectively and also malondialdehyde was elevated by 83.31% and 150.45% as compared to healthy rats. These results were improved after pomegranate extracts administration.
3- The antioxidants catalase and reduced glutathione and the lipid peroxidation enzymes paraoxonase and arylesterase were depleted significantly (P<0.05) in fatty liver diseased rats compared with healthy group. After oral administration with pomegranate extracts to all rats the antioxidant levels were raised.
4- The liver enzymes ALT and GGT activities were elevated in fatty liver diseased rats compared with healthy group. Liver enzymes activities were lowered after oral administeration with pomegranate extracts especially those taken pomegranate seeds extracts.
5- Also liver apoptosis markers plasma pentraxin-3 and cytokeratin-18 were raised in methionine choline deficient diet rats comparing with healthy rats. These markers were lowered after oral administration with pomegranate extracts especially pomegranate seeds extract so it has a highly hepatoprotective due to its enrichment with antioxidants.
6- The microscopical examination of liver tissues showed that fatty liver rats had slight hepatic steatosis in the first month and marked hepatic steatosis with congestion and inflammation and necrosis in the second month. Administration of pomegranate extracts to rats decrease fat accumulation especially the pomegranate seeds extracts.As generally, the results obtained from this study emphasized the positive effect of pomegranate extracts (arils, peels, and seeds) via oral administration to fatty liver diseased rats. The daily consumption of pomegranate is important for improvement of liver function in diseased and healthy subjects because of its phenolic and flavonoids content especially pomegranate seeds extract.