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العنوان
INFLUENCE OF IN OVO INJECTION IRON NANOPARTICLES AND ORGANIC IRON ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT,
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL
RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS /
المؤلف
MOHAMED, AZZA ABD–ALLAH MEGAHID.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / AZZA ABD–ALLAH MEGAHID MOHAMED
مشرف / Akrum. M .M.Hamdyء
مشرف / . Ayman Mohamed Hassan Ahmed
مناقش / Ibrahim El-Wardany El- Sayed
تاريخ النشر
2019.
عدد الصفحات
118p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
الزراعية والعلوم البيولوجية (المتنوعة)
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - انتاج دواجن
الفهرس
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Abstract

The present study was carried out in the Poultry physiology laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, during the period from October to December, 2016. The laboratory work of the present study was done at Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. The main objective of the present study was to further investigate the effect of different iron sources and forms on physiological homeostasis of broilers and the variable effect(s) of iron nanoparticles compared to both organic and in organic element on some blood parameters and lymphoid organs histology.
A total of 600 eggs from a broiler breeder Arbor Acres flock were incubated at 37.6 0.1°C and relative humidity of 55 to 60% during the first 18 days of incubation then at 36.2 0.1° C and 65-70%RH in the setter until hatching. Eggs were candled at the embryonic day 7 (E7), and both infertile eggs and eggs with died embryos were discarded; (sum of 40 eggs). Those eggs with live embryos (560) were randomly allocated to seven experiment groups, 80 eggs each. The first group served as control (C) .while the 2nd and 3rd groups were positive controls ,i.e. in ovo injected with saline solution (5) and sham (sh) injected (only punctured at the site of injection ) respectively. The 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th groups were injected with 0.1ml of nano organic iron (No), nano inorganic iron (Nin); inorganic iron (Ino) and organic iron (O), respectively. Post hatched chicks (80 chick / treatment) were then reared for 42 days of age, during which the following measurement were taken:
* Hatchability and embryonic mortality percentages.
* Productive performance criterion including chick’s weight at hatch, live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio.
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SUMMARY
Azza A.M. Mohamed (2019), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Sham Univ.
*Blood parameters including total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, liver emzyms activity (AST, ALT), Alkaline phosphatase, thyriod hormones (T3, T4), antioxidant markers (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and Plasma immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA).
 Histological examination including tissue samples from spleen, Bursa and thymus gland.
 Data were exposed to the statistical analysis procedures by using appropriate computer programs.
Results of the present study could be summarized as follows:
1- The percentages of embryonic mortality were higher for all in ovo injected groups compared to the control groups. Also hatchbility (%) was reduced in iron treatment groups.
2- No significant difference in final body weight between Nano-Fe and both organic and inorganic iron-injactioced groups compared to control.
3- Chicks from iron-treated groups achieved significantly heavier body weights than the control groups.
4- Body weight gain was significantly increased in iron-treated groups compared to the other treatments at different grouping periods.
5- The best bodyweight gain was recorded for chicks from nano inorganic- injected group followed by the inorganic, nano organic and organic groups, respectively.
6- Feed conversion was significantly improved in chicks that hatched from eggs injected with different iron sources. The best FCR for the total growth period was recorded for the nano-inorganic (Nin), inorganic (Ino); organic (o) and nano-organic (No) groups, respectively.
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SUMMARY
Azza A.M. Mohamed (2019), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Sham Univ.
7- Hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in chicks from organic (o), inorganic (Io), and nano-inorganic groups compared to the other treatments.
8- Resultsshowedalso that RBcs count, was significantly increased in all iron- injected groups and the saline group compared to the negative (C) control and Sh-injected one.
9- Hematocrit values were significantly increased in all iron – injected groups compared by the control treatments.
10- The MCV was significantly higher in all iron treatment groups except for the two inorganic forms of iron (Nin & Io) compared to controls.
11- Blood indicesin terms of MCH was significantly higher for the control (C), sham-injected, organic iron (o) injected groups compared to the other treatments. Moreover, MCHC was significantly higher for the negative control and organic iron-injected groups compared to the other treatments.
12- Results showed that WBc’s count was significantly increased in chick from organic iron injected (o) group followed by those of saline (s) and the control groups, respectively compared by the other treatments.
13- There is a significant increase in the H/L ratio where it is significantly higher in the sham, nano –inorganic (Nio); inorganic (Ino) and the control groups respectively compared with the other treatments.
14- Results showed that in ovo injection with both traditional iron forms (organic and inorganic) resulted in a significant increase in its concentration in newly hatched chicks compared to other treatment, however at six week of age, the differences between all treatments were not significant
15- Treatments had no significant effect on all plasma protein fraction in the newly hatched chicks, however, at six weeks of age, plasma total
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SUMMARY
Azza A.M. Mohamed (2019), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Sham Univ.
protein was significantly increased in the control groups composed to the treatment ones, and was significantly higher in birds from both nano-injected eggs compared to those from organic and inorganic injected group
16- Data revealed that in ovo injection different iron sources and forms had significant effect on plasma total lipids, cholesterol, and HDL of day old chicks while LDL and glucose levels were not affected.
17- At six weeks of age, this trend was also observed, where significant decreases were recorded for cholesterol, triglycerides (Tg), HDL and total lipids.
18- Iron injection into eggs during the incubation period has significantly negative impacts on AST – but neither ALT noralkalinephosphatase - activity of day old chicks. This was alo observed at sixweeks of age.
19- Data showed that the levels of immunoglobulin’s (IgG, IgM and IgA) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Fe-supplemented groups than the control, however, the highest values (p<0.05) of immunoglobulin’s were observed in Nano-Fe injected groups.
20- Result indicated that plasma T3 concentration was significantly higher in both nano-injected groups compared to the other treatments. However, T4 level showed different magnitude in different treatments where it is significantly higher in all groups, except for those of saline –injected and organic iron injected for treatments.
21- Additionally, the T3/T4 ratio showed higher rate of T4 turnover to T3 in both sham- injected and nano inorganic injected treatments compared with the other treatments.
22- Results showed that in ovo injection of different iron forms had significant effects on antioxidants markers of broiler chicks either at day or six weeks of age.
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SUMMARY
Azza A.M. Mohamed (2019), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Sham Univ.
23 - On the other hand, both total antioxidants capacity (TAOC) and (SOD) activity were significantly affected by treatments, where injection of different iron forms caused significant increases in these antioxidants markers in day old chicks.
24- At six weeks of age, the antioxidants markers were significantly increased in all iron injected group compared with the other control ones.
25 - GHS-Px activity was greater in the chicks from both organic and inorganic injected group followed by those from nano-iron forms. But, SOD activity was higher for chicks from nano- organic and inorganic groups, respectively.
26- Histological examination of lymphoid organs revealed that in ovo injection of different iron sources and forms at the 7th day of incubation had better influence on the histological structure of bursa of Fabricius, thymus gland and spleen of broiler chicks. These changes include an increase in the number and size of bursal follicles within plicae and thymic lobules accompanied with an increase in the lymphocytes within lobules. Also, there was an enhancement in the histological structure of spleen especially in the distribution of white and red pulp areas.