الفهرس 
Burden of Stroke GloballyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body, problems understanding or speaking, dizziness, or loss of vision to one side. Signs and symptoms often appear soon after the stroke has occurred. If symptoms last less than one or two hours it is known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. A hemorrhagic stroke may also be associated with a severe headache. The symptoms of a stroke can be permanent Long-term complications may include pneumonia or loss of bladder control.
Symptoms of stroke are
1- Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body(.
2- Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech.
3- Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
4- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.
5- Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
The main risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, a previous TIA, and atrial fibrillation. An ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes. A haemorrhagic stroke is caused by either bleeding directly into the brain or into the space between the brain’s membranes. Bleeding may occur due to a ruptured brain aneurysm. Diagnosis is typically based on a physical exam and supported by medical imaging such as a CT scan or MRI scan. A CT scan can rule out bleeding, but may not necessarily rule out ischemia, which early on typically does not show up on a CT scan. Other tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests are done to determine risk factors and rule out other possible causes. Low blood sugar may cause similar symptoms.
Our study was done on 480 patients admitted to Sohag governmental hospitals; the mean age was 58.95±15.87 years with a range from 18 to 86, in the point of gender ; the females was slightly higher than male, females was 51% while male was 49%.
Ischemic stroke is the commonest type; it was 69.4% and haemorrhagic stroke was 26.88% while subarachnoid haemorrhage 3.75% .
Risk factor was hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cardiac diseases are an important risk factor in ischemic stroke. Also past history of TIA and stroke is common in both types of stroke, also smoking represents 57% of risk factors.
In TOAST classification 29.7% were large vessel disease, 19.2% were small vessel diseases, cardioembolic were 28.3%, other known causes were 4.8% and undetermined causes were 18%.
The total mortality after three months was 46.3%; 27.7% at the hospital and 18.5% after three months. Subarachnoid haemorrhage was the highest mortality 66% after that intracerebral haemorrhage 49% while ischemic stroke 44%.