الفهرس 
Physiology and Pharmacology of Magnesium SulphateOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Magnesium plays a critical role in a variety of physiologic processes. Ever since the study of magnesium sulphate in clinical anesthesia beginning in 1996, magnesium has drawn attention in the field of anesthesia and pain medicine. Magnesium is the fourth most important cation in the body and second most important intracellular cation.
Magnesium is of importance in anesthesia practice for several reasons. First, this ion is essential for many biochemical reactions and its deficiency may produce clinically important consequences during anesthesia or in the intensive care unit. Second, the extensive use of magnesium sulphate in obstetric practice requires that anesthesiologists be familiar with the pharmacological action of this drug and its interaction with anesthetic agents. Third, few of its properties may be of value in certain areas of anesthetic practice.
The physiological role of magnesium is due to its calcium channel blocking properties at smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and conduction system levels. The analgesic properties are due to NMDA receptor blocking action. It is a cost effective widely used drug with multidisciplinary applications.
Magnesium sulfate has been used in obstetrics with good results inhibiting of premature labor and in the treatment of eclampsia-related seizures. This drug is potentially analgesic and sedative and it could be used as adjuvant during general anesthesia and decreasing the need of anesthetics.
Magnesium can contribute in reducing the intraoperative anaesthetic requirement. MgSO4 reduces analgesic and muscle relaxant requirement and hence reduces the anaesthetic cost. Magnesium has a positive effect on neuromuscular block, provides a better quality of anesthesia while hastening functional recovery. It has an established role in blunting the laryngoscopic intubation response. It has a questionable role in offsetting the shivering.
Magnesium deficiency commonly occurs in critical illness and correlates with a higher mortality and worse clinical outcome in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Magnesium has a marked antiadrenergic property. In addition to this, its vasodilator and antiarrythmic effect have led to the use of magnesium during surgery for pheochromocytoma MG is a valuable anti-arrhythmic agent. It is successfully used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction, long QT syndrome and digitalis toxicity.
Magnesium administration, in myocardial ischemia, and at the time of myocardial reperfusion appears to improve post-ischemic myocardial recovery.