الفهرس 
Pharmacology of Propofol and Ketamine
Pharmacodynamics of propofolOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dilatation and Curettage (DC), a brief and painful procedure, is performed for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial and intrauterine disorders. The procedure is one of the most frequently performed gynecological surgical procedures. It causes considerable pain during cervical dilatation and tissue extraction.
Propofol and ketamine are commonly used as sedative agents, and each has advantages and disadvantages.
Propofol is associated with hypotension, loss of airway reflexes, hypoventilation, apnea, and hypoxia but has antiemetic and amnestic properties.
Ketamine causes hypertension and tachycardia, as well as vomiting and emergence delirium, but is associated with maintained airway reflexes and is a potent analgesic.
It has been demonstrated that ketofol is effective for procedural sedation and analgesia and it has been hypothesized that its use results in fewer adverse events during sedation than when propofol is used alone, as a result of a lower overall dose of each drug being necessary and a “balancing” of their effects
This study is done to determine whether the use of ketofol instead of propofol results in fewer adverse respiratory events requiring physician intervention w procedural sedation and analgesia, it also included comparison of hemodynamic stability and side effects as postoperative nausea, vomiting and delirium.
The study was performed upon 60 female patients, aging 18-60 years, and was divided into two groups:
group P: 30 patients who received propofol.
group KP: 30 patients who received ketofol.
For each patient, the following data were collected: age, body weight, height, duration of the procedure, peripheral O2 saturation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm preoperatively and every five minutes during procedure and also the incidence of postoperative complications.
The results showed that using ketofol results in less adverse respiratory events requiring intervention and provides a better hemodynamic stability. It also results in similar frequency of postoperative nausea, vomiting and delirium.