الفهرس 
Embryology Of The Upper GIT
Gross And Radiological Anatomy Of The Upper GITOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Upper GI series is optimal for evaluating structural anomalies of the upper GIT, dysmotility disorders and also to detect most of upper GIT congenital malformations. It is frequently requested for children complaining of vomiting, dysphagia and recurrent chest infections.
Upper GI series includes examination of the upper GIT from the oropharynx till the duodenojejunal flexure by single contrast technique, through administration of barium orally (Diluted light barium) or water soluble low osmolar contrast if there is risk of aspiration.
The aim in this study was to clarify the indications for upper GI series in children to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure for children and also to correlate the different radiological findings in upper GI series with patient’s clinical data.
In our study most positive upper GI findings were due to gastric and duodenal findings followed by GERD and only small percentage due to aspiration and esophageal findings, diagnostic yield of upper GI series was relatively low in non-urgent cases without prior medical or surgical histories related to the GIT and also in patients who presented with a single symptoms (clinical score= 1). To increase the diagnostic yield of the upper GI series, upper GI series should be performed in the following conditions:
Children with GER symptoms (regurgitation & non-bilious vomiting) who are older than 1 year and or if associated with warning signals such as; choking, coughing with feedings, significant irritability, weight loss/failure to thrive & or repeated attacks of chest infections/symptoms.
Bilious vomiting.
Aspiration symptoms + weight loss/failure to thrive & or repeated attacks of chest infections/symptoms.
Patients with clinical score more than 2.
Also the important role of multi-disciplinary team between the clinicians and the radiologists aimed to provide high quality and safe imaging to pediatric age group to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflicts of interest: None .