الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this thesis to study the effect of support of different sources of omega on the nutritional status and mental efficiency in adolescence and elderly in humans. Through the following sub-goals:
1. Improve nutritional status, especially hemoglobin and lipid profile in both adolescence and elderly, ”construction and demolition” using various sources rich in omega.
2. Reduce the decline in mental efficiency, especially perception, memory and attention in both adolescence and elderly, using various sources rich in omega.
3.Comparing the effectiveness of natural food sources of omega on the nutritional status or mental efficiency .
The present study included 48 adolescence ( 24 males ) from ” Dar Elamel ” , ” Hadayek Al-Kobba ” and (24 females) from ” El shraiaa ” , ” EL Matria ” , Cairo , Egypt their age ranged from 12 – 15 years , Also included 48 elderly from ” Awlad elmatrawy ” old age home ” El-Matriaa ” , Cairo , Egypt , their age 60 years and over.
In this study Demographic data , Dietary assessment and Dietary analysis were made for all subjects (n =48 ). The subjects divided into three groups randomly .
Results
The present study included 48 adolescence , 24 males. Their age ranged from 12-15 years with mean 13.25±1.11 years , mean height 138±6.40cm and mean weight 36.83±6.04 kg. And 24 females, their age ranged from 12-15 years with mean 13.5±1.10 years , mean height 140±8.56 cm and mean weight 38.92±7.69kg .
Also included 48 elderly 24 males , their age 60 years and over with mean 68.75±2.55 years, mean height 161.92±4.99 cm and mean weight 61.71±4.41 kg . While included 24 females their age 60 years and over with mean 67.58±4.14 years , mean height 161.38±6.76 cm and mean weight 61.96±5.12 kg .
1- Laboratory analysis
There were a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention for Hb. , ALT , AST at p < 0.01 in nutritional and medical groups . These improvements were attributed for the dietary intervention with omega’s different sources . The mean values of Hb. were 12.04 , 12.03 ,11.38, 11.2 g/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 12.7 , 14.5 , 11.9 , 14.6 g/dl for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 12.3 , 14.2 , 12.5 , 13.8 g/dl for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre - post respectively , it could be noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) increased significantly the Hb. in adolescence and elderly comparing with the control group and no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention .
According to ALT , AST , the mean values of ALT were 12.81 , 12.9 ,13, 12 u/l for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 9.1 , 7.7 , 14.1 , 11.5 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 12.3 , 14.2 , 12.5 , 13.8 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post. While the mean values of AST were 16 , 15 ,26, 25 u/l for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 22.6 , 16 , 22.2 , 14.7 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 24.5 , 18.1 , 27.8 , 19.2 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly respectively , from this result it could noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the ALT , AST in adolescence and elderly comparing with the control group and noticed more effective in medical group than nutritional group in adolescence but no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in elderly.
The mean values of TG were 79 , 77 ,179, 170 m g/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post respectively , while in nutritional group were 88.8, 68.1 , 144.3 , 86.8 mg/dl for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre- post respectively , and in medical group were 78 , 60 , 166.9 , 111.8 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post intervention respectively . And the mean values of TC were 147 , 148 ,202.9, 200 mg/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post respectively , while in nutritional group were 159.2 , 138.4 , 208.3 , 161.5 mg/dl for adolescence pre - postand elderly pre - post respectively , and in medical group were 170.5 , 153.9 , 211.3 , 169.2 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post.
There were a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention for LDL-c , HDL-c , VLDL-c at p < 0.01 in nutritional and medical groups .. The mean values of HDL-c were 37.2 , 38 ,47.1, 46.2 mg/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 42.3 , 53.4 , 57.7 , 59.1 mg/dl for adolescence pre - postand elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 39.3 , 50.3 , 49.9 , 65.6 mg/dl for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre - post respectively , from this result it could noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) increased significantly the plasma HDL-c in adolescence and elderly comparing with the control group and no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in adolescence and elderly .
And the mean values of LDL-c were 95.4 , 90 ,119.8, 110 mg/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 99.1 , 71.3 , 121.7 , 91.2 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , and in medical group were 115.6 , 91.6 , 117.8 , 85 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post , it could be noticed that intervention nutritionally decreased significantly the plasma LDL-c in comparing with the control group and no significantly difference noticed between medically intervention compared with control group also noticed more effective in medical group than nutritional group in adolescence , while in elderly it noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the plasma LDL-c comparing with the control group and no significantly difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention .
And the mean values of VLDL-c were 15.8 , 15.4 ,35.9, 34 mg/dl for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 17.7 , 13.6 , 28.8 , 17.3 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 15.5 , 12 , 33.2 , 22.3 mg/dl for adolescence pre – post and elderly respectively , it noticed an improved in medical group than nutritional group and control group in adolescence and in elderly noticed an improved in nutritional group than medical group and control group, it could be noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the plasma VLDL-c in adolescence and elderly comparing with the control group and noticed more effective in medical group than nutritional group in elderly but no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in adolescence.
2- Mental efficiency
The mean values of perception were 47.7 , 40.4 ,50.8, 44.1 for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 47.8 , 20.9 , 47.8 , 20.3 for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 51.1 , 21.1 , 51.7 , 19.8 for adolescence pre - post and elderly pre - post respectively , it could be noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the perception comparing with the control group and no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in adolescence and elderly.
The mean values of memory were 51.3 , 45 ,52.8, 50.2 for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 49.7 , 20.2 , 49.7 , 20.2 for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , and in medical group were 49.4 , 21.5 , 51.3 , 21.5 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post. it could be noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the memory comparing with the control group and no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in adolescence and elderly.
The mean values of attention were 52.1 , 50.1 , 52.1 , 47 for control group in adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , while in nutritional group were 49.3 , 19.6 , 49.7 , 19.6 for adolescence pre – postand elderly pre – post respectively , and in medical group were 51.5 , 15.8 , 52.5 , 18.8 u/l for adolescence pre – post and elderly pre - post respectively , it could be noticed that intervention ( nutritionally or medically ) decreased significantly the attention comparing with the control group and no significant difference noticed between the two sources used in intervention in adolescence and elderly.
The study recommended : Mackrel has agreat effect in improving the mental efficiency and biological assessments for adolescents and elderly so it’s recommended to eat regularly because it’s contains a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mackrel consedered an alterantive for fish which contains high amount of omgea so we can cook it on steam to raise it’s admission level . Nuts also rich in different kinds of omega so eating it regularly improve the mental efficiency. Sesame also has high contain of omega so we recommended eating it as it cheap and it can served as sweets for adolescents. The natural sources of omega is safe more than the medical one so we should depend on it if we want to improve the mental efficiency for the adolescents. from the results of the research we recommended that different natural sources of omega are important to improve the mental efficiency for the elderly or as protect from the mental diseases